Random knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Average axial length?

A

24 mm

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2
Q

What is the mag through a DO for an emmetrope?

A

15X

M= D/4
D= 60 diopters
60/4 =15X

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3
Q

Actions of Superior rectus

A
  1. Elevation
  2. Incyclotorsion
  3. AD-duction
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4
Q

Actions of Inferior rectus

A
  1. Depression
  2. Excyclotorsion
  3. AD-duction
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5
Q

Actions of superior oblique

A
  1. Incyclotorsion
  2. Depression
  3. AB-duction
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6
Q

Legal blindness based upon visual fields definition

A

Visual field is restricted to 20 degrees (patient can only see within this angle of their vision)

  • Widest field diameter subtends an angle no greater than 20 degrees, meaning they can only see up to 20 degrees, outside of that they have little to no vision
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7
Q

What are risk factors for COPD?

A

Frequent childhood infections
Low birth weight
Alpha-1 antirypsin deficiency

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8
Q

Prevalence

A

Number of individuals afflicted with a condition within a certain population at a given time (regardless if cases are new or not)

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9
Q

Incidence

A

Number of NEWLY diagnosed cases of a conditions within a specific population in a given time period

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10
Q

32 Hispanic male
MHx: AIDS with CD 4 count 42 cells/mm3, viral load 110,000 copies/ml

A

CMV: cytomegalovirus
* most common ocular opportunistic infection in AIDS patients

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11
Q

True or false
For OD, providers must not share treatment records with patient’s health insurance plan when patient pays out of pocket for treatment

A

True

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12
Q

Inheritance pattern for Aniridia

A

Autosomal dominant

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13
Q

Inheritance pattern of Stargardt

A

Autosomal recessive

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14
Q

Inheritance pattern for choroideremia

A

X-linked recessive
*females are carriers

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15
Q

What ingredients in artificial tears most likely help relive patient symptoms of dry eyes caused by MGD?

A

Emollient
* help increase lipid layer to minimize dry eyes caused due to evaporative loss
* mineral oil, lanolin and petroleum

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16
Q

Specifically-tinted contact lenses for patients with color vision deficiency are prescribed in what way?

A

Monocularly with tinted lens worn on NON dominant eye
* red-tinted CL for red-green color vision deficiency
* does not correct the deficiency but aids in discrimination of confused colors

17
Q

What is the staining result of hyaline deposits in granular dystrophy using Masson trichrome?

A

Bright red staining

Masson trichrome is specifically noted for its ability to highlight hyaline deposits in granular dystrophy.

18
Q

What does Masson trichrome allow for during tumor assessment?

A

Distinction between smooth muscle and collagen

This aids pathologists in identifying tumor characteristics.

19
Q

What are the staining colors for nuclei, collagen, and cytoplasm when using Masson trichrome?

A

Nuclei: black, collagen: blue, cytoplasm/muscle/erythrocytes: red

These specific colors help in visual differentiation of tissue components.

20
Q

What types of cells does methylene blue stain?

A

Devitalized cells, mucus, corneal nerves

It is also used to stain the lacrimal sac before surgery.

21
Q

Why is it important to perform a cell culture before applying methylene blue?

A

Because methylene blue is bacteriostatic

This property can interfere with bacterial growth assessments.

22
Q

What type of cells does lissamine green stain?

A

Dead or degenerated cells

It is particularly useful for early detection of dry eye syndrome.

23
Q

What are the properties of lissamine green besides staining?

A

Mild anti-viral properties

This quality can be beneficial in certain ocular conditions.

24
Q

What does rose bengal stain?

A

Degenerated and dead cells, mucous strands

It is utilized for evaluating dry eye and corneal lesions.

25
Q

What conditions can rose bengal help evaluate?

A

Dry eye, corneal and conjunctival lesions, dendrites

Its staining properties aid in diagnosing various ocular conditions.

26
Q

What type of dye is sodium fluorescein?

A

A dye, not a stain

This distinction is important in its application.

27
Q

What is the utility of sodium fluorescein in ocular evaluations?

A

Detection of conjunctival and corneal lesions

It fluoresces under specific lighting conditions, aiding in visualization.

28
Q

How does sodium fluorescein accumulate in the eye?

A

In the defect and fluoresces under a cobalt blue filter

This property is crucial for assessing corneal integrity.

29
Q

What is one application of sodium fluorescein in contact lens fitting?

A

Evaluating tear break-up time

This assessment is essential for ensuring proper lens fit and comfort.

30
Q

What additional diagnostic use does sodium fluorescein have when administered intravenously?

A

Detecting retinal neovascularization, macular lesions, central serous retinopathy, malignant melanomas

This application expands its utility beyond ocular surface evaluation.