Random knowledge Flashcards
Average axial length?
24 mm
What is the mag through a DO for an emmetrope?
15X
M= D/4
D= 60 diopters
60/4 =15X
Actions of Superior rectus
- Elevation
- Incyclotorsion
- AD-duction
Actions of Inferior rectus
- Depression
- Excyclotorsion
- AD-duction
Actions of superior oblique
- Incyclotorsion
- Depression
- AB-duction
Legal blindness based upon visual fields definition
Visual field is restricted to 20 degrees (patient can only see within this angle of their vision)
- Widest field diameter subtends an angle no greater than 20 degrees, meaning they can only see up to 20 degrees, outside of that they have little to no vision
What are risk factors for COPD?
Frequent childhood infections
Low birth weight
Alpha-1 antirypsin deficiency
Prevalence
Number of individuals afflicted with a condition within a certain population at a given time (regardless if cases are new or not)
Incidence
Number of NEWLY diagnosed cases of a conditions within a specific population in a given time period
32 Hispanic male
MHx: AIDS with CD 4 count 42 cells/mm3, viral load 110,000 copies/ml
CMV: cytomegalovirus
* most common ocular opportunistic infection in AIDS patients
True or false
For OD, providers must not share treatment records with patient’s health insurance plan when patient pays out of pocket for treatment
True
Inheritance pattern for Aniridia
Autosomal dominant
Inheritance pattern of Stargardt
Autosomal recessive
Inheritance pattern for choroideremia
X-linked recessive
*females are carriers
What ingredients in artificial tears most likely help relive patient symptoms of dry eyes caused by MGD?
Emollient
* help increase lipid layer to minimize dry eyes caused due to evaporative loss
* mineral oil, lanolin and petroleum
Specifically-tinted contact lenses for patients with color vision deficiency are prescribed in what way?
Monocularly with tinted lens worn on NON dominant eye
* red-tinted CL for red-green color vision deficiency
* does not correct the deficiency but aids in discrimination of confused colors
What is the staining result of hyaline deposits in granular dystrophy using Masson trichrome?
Bright red staining
Masson trichrome is specifically noted for its ability to highlight hyaline deposits in granular dystrophy.
What does Masson trichrome allow for during tumor assessment?
Distinction between smooth muscle and collagen
This aids pathologists in identifying tumor characteristics.
What are the staining colors for nuclei, collagen, and cytoplasm when using Masson trichrome?
Nuclei: black, collagen: blue, cytoplasm/muscle/erythrocytes: red
These specific colors help in visual differentiation of tissue components.
What types of cells does methylene blue stain?
Devitalized cells, mucus, corneal nerves
It is also used to stain the lacrimal sac before surgery.
Why is it important to perform a cell culture before applying methylene blue?
Because methylene blue is bacteriostatic
This property can interfere with bacterial growth assessments.
What type of cells does lissamine green stain?
Dead or degenerated cells
It is particularly useful for early detection of dry eye syndrome.
What are the properties of lissamine green besides staining?
Mild anti-viral properties
This quality can be beneficial in certain ocular conditions.
What does rose bengal stain?
Degenerated and dead cells, mucous strands
It is utilized for evaluating dry eye and corneal lesions.
What conditions can rose bengal help evaluate?
Dry eye, corneal and conjunctival lesions, dendrites
Its staining properties aid in diagnosing various ocular conditions.
What type of dye is sodium fluorescein?
A dye, not a stain
This distinction is important in its application.
What is the utility of sodium fluorescein in ocular evaluations?
Detection of conjunctival and corneal lesions
It fluoresces under specific lighting conditions, aiding in visualization.
How does sodium fluorescein accumulate in the eye?
In the defect and fluoresces under a cobalt blue filter
This property is crucial for assessing corneal integrity.
What is one application of sodium fluorescein in contact lens fitting?
Evaluating tear break-up time
This assessment is essential for ensuring proper lens fit and comfort.
What additional diagnostic use does sodium fluorescein have when administered intravenously?
Detecting retinal neovascularization, macular lesions, central serous retinopathy, malignant melanomas
This application expands its utility beyond ocular surface evaluation.
