Reflexes

Question 1

Positive Support/Primary Standing Reflex

Answer 1

Appears: 35w gestation

Integrates: 1-2 m

Stimulus: feet on flat surface

Response: Ext legs and accept weight for a few seconds

Question 2

Support & Stepping/Automatic Walking Reflex

Answer 2

Appears: 37 weeks gestation

Integrates: 3-4 months (reappears at 10-15 months to prep for walking)

Stimulus: Feet flat on surface

Response: Attempts steps

Question 3

Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)

Answer 3

Appears: 20 weeks gestation

Integrates: 4-5 months

Stimulus: in supine, head rotates

Response: ipsi arm and leg EXT, contra arm and leg FLX

If retained: have difficulties with motor skills like running, cycling, throwing, and catching balls

Question 4

Tonic Labyrinth Reflex

Answer 4

Appears: At birth (best seen at 3m)

Integrates: 6 months

Stimulus: Prone laying or supine laying

Response: Prone= FLX tone in all limbs; Supine= EXT tone in all limbs

If retained: have difficulties with motor skills like running, cycling, throwing, and catching balls

Question 5

Upper Extremity Parachute

Answer 5

Emerges: 6 to 7 months.
-Protection of head when positioned head first, symmetrical arm extension and abduction

Question 6

Anterior Protective Extension

Answer 6

Emerges: 6 to 9 months,
-hand go in front to catch in sitting
-first protective extension

Question 7

Lateral protective extension

Answer 7

Emergence: 6 to 9 months
-put arm out laterally in sitting
-emerges after anterior

Question 8

Posterior protective extension

Answer 8

Emergence: 9-11 months
-catch from fall backward in sitting
-last to emerge

Question 9

Flexor Withdrawl Reflex

Answer 9

Appears: 28 weeks gestation

Integrates: 1-2m

Stimulus: noxious stimulus to sole of foot

Response: Flexion withdrawal of leg

Question 10

Crossed Extension Reflex

Answer 10

Appears: 28 weeks gestation

Integrates: 1-2 months

Stimulus: Noxious stimulus to sole of foot

Response: FLX of ipsi leg and then EXT of contra with ADD

Question 11

Rooting

Answer 11

Appears: 28 weeks gestation

Integrates: 3 months

Stimulus: stroking cheek

Response: turns towards stimulus

Question 12

Sucking

Answer 12

Appears: 28 weeks gestation

Integrates: 3 months

Stimulus: nipple in mouth

Response: sucks

Question 13

Suck-Swallow

Answer 13

Appears: 28-34 weeks gestation

Integrates: 5 months (becomes voluntary)

Stimulus: nipple in mouth

Response: rhythmic excursion of jaw

Question 14

Moro Reflex

Answer 14

Appears: 28 weeks gestation

Integrates: 3-5 months

Stimulus: Sudden change in head ext in relation to trunk

Response: crying, shoulder flx/abd, elbow ext (out then in)

Question 15

Palmar Grasp Reflex

Answer 15

Appears: 25-28 weeks gestation

Integrates: 4-7 months

Stimulus: Maintained mechanical stimulus to palm

Response: grasp

-signifies cortical maturation
-weak reflex common with spastic cerebral palsy
-Reappearance can signify cortical lesion

Question 16

Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

Answer 16

-Upper body in sync, LE opp

Appears: 4 to 6m

Integrates: 8 to 12m

Stimulus: Head flexion or extension
Response:
-Head flx: arms FLX, hips EXT
-Head ext: arms EXT, hips FLX

Question 17

Plantar Grasp Reflex

Answer 17

Appears: 28 weeks gestation

Integrates: 9 months

Stimulus: Pressure at sole of foot distal to met heads

Response: FLX of toes

Question 18

Galant Reflex

Answer 18

Appears: 28 weeks gestation

Integrates: 3-6 months

Stimulus: Stroking down lateral trunk

Response: IPSI lat side bend toward stimulus

If retained past 9 Months: can cause fidgeting or inability to sit still

Question 19

Landau Response

Answer 19

Appears: 3-5 months

Integrates: 12 months

-in prone horizontal suspension, head and LE and head extend
-when head flexes, LE flex

Question 20

Anterior Righting

Answer 20

Emerges: 9 Months
-in sitting, pull gently at shoulders
-ext head and arms forward to recover balance