Reflex and balance testing Flashcards
At what age is right or left hand dominance established?
2-3 years old
At what age do spinal reflexes develop? In what direction do they occur?
7-8 weeks gestation
Cephalocaudal direction
Name three survival reflexes?
Suck-swallow
Rooting
Gag
Myleination overlaps with what?
Myelination begins after neurons are formed; OVER laps with neuron migration
Where does myelination start?
Areas related to survival
Motor roots precede sensory roots
Give brain weight and brain size facts at birth.
Brain 1/4 weight of adult
70% adult size
Weight doubles by 6 months
During what time period can an individual develop life long motor impairments?
First 2 years
What age does synaptic proliferation occur?
Birth- 4 years of age
When does PNS and cranial nerve myelination complete?
Birth
When does CNS myelination continue?
Goes into adulthood.
At what age does the motor and sensory portion of the corticospinal tract myelinated?
Motor= before birth Sensory= 6 months after birth
Normal positive Babinski sign until what age?
6 months
Repetitive motion in the labyrinths/semicircular canals would be a useful intervention in what pathology?
CP. Repetitive motion has a TONE REDUCING effect.
What two senses are NOT fully functioning at birth?
Vision and Audition.
What age range is there increasing kinesthetic acuity?
5-12 years old.
Cognitive and language development help develop what?
Spatial and directional concepts
At what age is 20/20 acuity achieved?
12 months
What age is adult binocular vision achieved?
2 years old.
At what age can we start seeing in full color?
4 months
What is a newborns focal distance and acuity?
7-10in
20/800 acuity
At what age does accommodation develop?
2 months
What is amblyopia?
Lazy eye. See with only one eye
Depends on one eye
Loses sight in other
May be associated with strabismus
Name four primitive reflexes
ATNR
STNR
TLR
Rooting
What is the tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR)?
Prone facilitates flexion
Supine facilitates EXT
Integrated at 2 months of age.
What is ATNR?
Turn head and arms go into extension
What is STNR?
Flex neck then get flexed limbs
Ext of neck, get of arms
What pediatric tests can be done to determine muscle tone through observation of posture and movement?
FRT- Functional reach test TUG- Timed up and Go TUDS- Timed up and down stairs Pediatric Berg Balance. SWOC- Standard walking obstacle course Sensory integration and Praxis test
Up to what age is FRT valid for?
15 years old
