Orthopedic

Question 1

What are the torsional conditions covered in this course?

Answer 1

In and Out toeing
Hip rotation
Tibial Torsion
Foot alignment

Question 2

What are the angular conditions covered in this course?

Answer 2

Knee conditions- geny

Foot conditions- Equino-calcaneal

Question 3

What is the general definition of in and out toeing?

Answer 3

Rotation variations within 2 standard deviations of normal alignment and range of motion
Torsional deformaties fall outside the range

Question 4

What is foot progression angle?

Answer 4

Angle between longitudinal axis of foot and line of gait
Negative for in toeing positive for out toeing
Variable in infancy

Question 5

What is the normal range for foot progression angle?

Answer 5

-3 to +20 in childhood

Question 6

What is hip IR and ER up to age 2?

What is hip IR and ER over age 2?

Answer 6

120 degrees up to age

95-110 over age 2

Question 7

What is version of the femur?

Answer 7

Angular difference between transverse axis of condyles and femoral neck

Question 8

What value is given for internal tibial torsion?

Answer 8

Negative value

Question 9

What value is given for external tibial torsion?

Answer 9

Positive value

Question 10

What type of tibial torsion is normal in infants?

Answer 10

Internal tibial torsion

Question 11

When would you expect to see External tibial torsion (ETT)?

Answer 11

First 6 months after walking

Question 12

What is normal tibial torsion at birth?

Answer 12

-15 (range -30 to -10)

Question 13

What is normal tibial torsion at age 3?

Answer 13

+5 (range -10 to +20)

Question 14

What is normal tibial torsion mid childhood to skeletal maturity?

Answer 14

+10 (range -5 to +20)

Question 15

How is mild, moderate, and severe metatarsus adductus treated?

Answer 15

Mild- Resolve on its own
Mod- Stretching corrective shoes
Severe- Manipulation, serial casting and corrective shoes

Question 16

FPA is the summation of what three segments for in toeing?

Answer 16

Femoral anteversion
ITT
metatarsus adductus

Question 17

FPA is the summation of what three segments for out-toeing?

Answer 17

ER contracture of the hip
ETT
Calcaneovalgus

Question 18

What age is genu valgum normal?

Answer 18

Between 2-4 years old

Question 19

What age is genu varum normal?

Answer 19

Normal in newborns up to 4

Question 20

What is a surgical treatment for severe cases of genu varum and valgum?

Answer 20

Stapling one side of epiphyseal growth plate or femoral osteotomy

Question 21

Development of the arch occurs between what ages?

Answer 21

2-6 years old

Question 22

When does a physiological flat foot require no treatment?

Answer 22

Medial longitudinal arch absent non wt bearing and tip toes is present.

Question 23

What is the position of limbs and spine in a windswept deformity?

Answer 23

ABD and ER of one hip, with opposite hip ADD and IR

Question 24

For the mid tarsal joint give the nomenclature for the deformity:

Adduction
Abduction
Flexion
Extension
Pronation 
Supination

Answer 24

Adductus
Abductus
Cavus deformity 
Rocker-Bottom
Pronation deformity
Supination deformity

Question 25

What is DDH?

Answer 25

Developmental dislocation hip

Question 26

What are factors predisposing to DDH?

Answer 26

Breech presentaiton Ligamentous laxity Female to male 6:1

Question 27

What are some factors that promote a healthy hip joint?

Answer 27

Normal muscle balance Concentric femoral head Deep and concentric acetabulum

Question 28

What is the Barlow sign?

Answer 28

flex and adduct the leg. Hip will gently be pushed posteriorly -- toward the back -- along the line of the femur shaft. Positive test= femoral head slip out of the acetabulum as the hip dislocates out of the socket.

Question 29

What is ortaloni sign?

Answer 29

Abducts, or moves the infant's legs apart, into the frog-leg position. If hip dislocated, the femoral head slides into the hip socket during this movement. Palpable and audible clunk as the head slips back into the socket.

Question 30

What kind of curve is typically observed in a 6 month old?

Answer 30

More lumbah curve

Question 31

What is Talipes equino varus?

Answer 31

Clubfoot | Equino= Plantarflexion; Varus= Inversion

Question 32

A child with a right scoliosis presents with a windswept deformity. Name the position of each leg.

Answer 32

Left leg ABD/ER | Right leg ADD/IR

Question 33

For the ankle joint give the nomenclature for the deformity of each of the following motions: Flexion Extension

Answer 33

``` Flexion= Equinus Ext= Calcaneus ```

Question 34

For the subtalar joint give the nomenclature for the deformity of each of the following motions: Inv Ever

Answer 34

``` Inv= Heel Varus Ever= Heel Valgus ```