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Peds final!!!! > Orthopedic > Flashcards

Orthopedic Flashcards

1
Q

What are the torsional conditions covered in this course?

A

In and Out toeing
Hip rotation
Tibial Torsion
Foot alignment

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2
Q

What are the angular conditions covered in this course?

A

Knee conditions- geny

Foot conditions- Equino-calcaneal

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3
Q

What is the general definition of in and out toeing?

A

Rotation variations within 2 standard deviations of normal alignment and range of motion
Torsional deformaties fall outside the range

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4
Q

What is foot progression angle?

A

Angle between longitudinal axis of foot and line of gait
Negative for in toeing positive for out toeing
Variable in infancy

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5
Q

What is the normal range for foot progression angle?

A

-3 to +20 in childhood

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6
Q

What is hip IR and ER up to age 2?

What is hip IR and ER over age 2?

A

120 degrees up to age

95-110 over age 2

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7
Q

What is version of the femur?

A

Angular difference between transverse axis of condyles and femoral neck

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8
Q

What value is given for internal tibial torsion?

A

Negative value

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9
Q

What value is given for external tibial torsion?

A

Positive value

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10
Q

What type of tibial torsion is normal in infants?

A

Internal tibial torsion

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11
Q

When would you expect to see External tibial torsion (ETT)?

A

First 6 months after walking

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12
Q

What is normal tibial torsion at birth?

A

-15 (range -30 to -10)

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13
Q

What is normal tibial torsion at age 3?

A

+5 (range -10 to +20)

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14
Q

What is normal tibial torsion mid childhood to skeletal maturity?

A

+10 (range -5 to +20)

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15
Q

How is mild, moderate, and severe metatarsus adductus treated?

A

Mild- Resolve on its own
Mod- Stretching corrective shoes
Severe- Manipulation, serial casting and corrective shoes

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16
Q

FPA is the summation of what three segments for in toeing?

A

Femoral anteversion
ITT
metatarsus adductus

17
Q

FPA is the summation of what three segments for out-toeing?

A

ER contracture of the hip
ETT
Calcaneovalgus

18
Q

What age is genu valgum normal?

A

Between 2-4 years old

19
Q

What age is genu varum normal?

A

Normal in newborns up to 4

20
Q

What is a surgical treatment for severe cases of genu varum and valgum?

A

Stapling one side of epiphyseal growth plate or femoral osteotomy

21
Q

Development of the arch occurs between what ages?

A

2-6 years old

22
Q

When does a physiological flat foot require no treatment?

A

Medial longitudinal arch absent non wt bearing and tip toes is present.

23
Q

What is the position of limbs and spine in a windswept deformity?

A

ABD and ER of one hip, with opposite hip ADD and IR

24
Q

For the mid tarsal joint give the nomenclature for the deformity:

Adduction
Abduction
Flexion
Extension
Pronation 
Supination
A 
Adductus
Abductus
Cavus deformity 
Rocker-Bottom
Pronation deformity
Supination deformity
25
Q

What is DDH?

A

Developmental dislocation hip

26
Q

What are factors predisposing to DDH?

A

Breech presentaiton
Ligamentous laxity
Female to male 6:1

27
Q

What are some factors that promote a healthy hip joint?

A

Normal muscle balance
Concentric femoral head
Deep and concentric acetabulum

28
Q

What is the Barlow sign?

A

flex and adduct the leg. Hip will gently be pushed posteriorly – toward the back – along the line of the femur shaft.
Positive test= femoral head slip out of the acetabulum as the hip dislocates out of the socket.

29
Q

What is ortaloni sign?

A

Abducts, or moves the infant’s legs apart, into the frog-leg position. If hip dislocated, the femoral head slides into the hip socket during this movement.

Palpable and audible clunk as the head slips back into the socket.

30
Q

What kind of curve is typically observed in a 6 month old?

A

More lumbah curve

31
Q

What is Talipes equino varus?

A

Clubfoot

Equino= Plantarflexion; Varus= Inversion

32
Q

A child with a right scoliosis presents with a windswept deformity. Name the position of each leg.

A

Left leg ABD/ER

Right leg ADD/IR

33
Q

For the ankle joint give the nomenclature for the deformity of each of the following motions:

Flexion
Extension

A 
Flexion= Equinus 
Ext= Calcaneus
34
Q

For the subtalar joint give the nomenclature for the deformity of each of the following motions:

Inv
Ever

A 
Inv= Heel Varus
Ever= Heel Valgus

Peds final!!!! (9 decks)

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