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Science Grade 10 > Reflection and Refraction > Electromagnets > Flashcards

Reflection and Refraction > Electromagnets Flashcards

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1
Q

Based from the Magnetism Lab Sheet, what do you notice about the interaction of the bar magnets you were given?

A

the iron filings are attracted to the south pole of the magnet

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2
Q

Based from the Magnetism Lab Sheet, why did the iron filings behave that way?

A

the iron filings are more attracted to the southern pole of the magnet

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3
Q

what a material contains when it has the ability to exert forces on magnets or other magnetic materials

A

magnetic force

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4
Q

a material that keeps its magnetic properties even when it is not close to other magnets

A

permanent magnet

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5
Q

magnets have ? poles

A

two opposite

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6
Q

poles of a magnet

A

north

south

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7
Q

the ends of a magnet

A

poles

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8
Q

Magnetic forces depend on the ——— of the poles

A

alignment

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9
Q

magnets exert —— on each other

A

forces

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10
Q

virtually transparent to magnetic forces

A

insulating materials (wood, plastic, etc.)

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11
Q

conducting materials (aluminum, etc.) also allow magnetic forces to pass through, but may —— the forces

A

change

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12
Q

the strength of the force between magnets depends on the ——– between them

A

distance

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13
Q

magnetic force ——— with distance much faster than does either gravity or the electric force

A

decreases

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14
Q

two basic types of magnets

A

natural

artificial

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15
Q

all magnets create a ——– —– in the space around them, and the ——– —– creates forces on other magnets

A

magnetic field

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16
Q

the field of influence that a magnet creates around it

A

magnetic field

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17
Q

a black metallic ore that has strong magnetic property

A

lodestone

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18
Q

the number of field lines in a certain area indicates the relative ——— of the magnetic field in that area

A

strength

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19
Q

the arrows on the field lines indicate the ——— of the force

A

direction

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20
Q

the —— the lines are together; the ——- the field

A

closer; stronger

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21
Q

magnetic field lines ALWAYS point —- from a magnet’s north pole and —— its south pole

A

away; toward

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22
Q

sources of nearly all magnetic effects in matter

A

electrons in atoms

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23
Q

two ways in which electrons create magnetism

A
  1. electrons around the nucleus and their motion makes the entire atom a small magnet
  2. electrons themselves act as though they were magnets
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24
Q

ALL atoms have electrons, but there is a great ———– in the magnetic properties of materials

A

variability

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25
Q

electrons in some atoms —– to cancel out one another’s magnetic influence

A

align

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26
Q

a property of a material when its electrons are oriented so their individual magnetic fields CANCEL each other out [slightly repelled]

A

diamagnetic

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27
Q

a property of a material when its individual atoms are magnetic but the atoms themselves are randomly arranged so the OVERALL magnetism of a sample is zero

A

paramagnetic

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28
Q

a material that has very strong magnetic properties

A

ferromagnetic

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29
Q

examples of ferromagnetic materials

A 
iron
nickel
cobalt
gadolinium
dysprosium
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30
Q

a group of atoms with similar alignment or orientation towards a magnet

A

magnetic domain

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31
Q

examples of diamagnetic materials

A 
antimony
zinc
copper
gold
silver
table salt
mercury 
alcohol
water
hydrogen 
air
argon
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32
Q

examples of paramagnetic materials

A 
aluminum
chromium
alkali metals
platinum
oxygen
wood
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33
Q

magnetic domains in a ferromagnetic material will always orient themselves to attract a ——— magnet

A

permanent

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34
Q

if a —– pole approaches, domains grow that have south poles facing out

A

north

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35
Q

if a —– pole approaches, domains grow that have north poles facing out

A

south

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36
Q

materials that make good permanent magnets

A

hard magnets

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37
Q

a common and inexpensive material, which contains iron and carbon, used to create hard magnets

A

steel

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38
Q

materials that lose their magnetism quickly

A

soft magnets

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39
Q

By 1200, Italian explorers were using a ——- to guide ocean voyages beyond the sight of land

A

compass

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40
Q

when using a compass, the north-pointing end of a needle points toward a spot near the Earth’s geographic —– pole

A

north

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41
Q

the Earth’s magnetic poles are defined by the planet’s magnetic —–

A

field

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42
Q

the —– magnetic pole of the planet is near the north geographic pole

A

south

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43
Q

natural force that causes magnets to attract other particles

A

magnetic force or magnetism

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44
Q

it will pull some metals toward itself

A

magnet

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45
Q

what is the rule of magnetism?

A

it is a force of attraction or repulsion that acts at a distance between various substances

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46
Q

What happens to the two poles if you break a magnet in half?

A

the fragment with N pole will have an S pole and vice versa

“the poles adjust”

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47
Q

the —- of a magnet are where the magnetic force is the strongest

A

ends

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48
Q

magnetic field lines leave the —– end of a magnet and enter the —– end of a magnet

A

north; south

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49
Q

region where the magnetic forces act

A

magnetic field

50
Q

The Earth behaves as if there was a —— in its interior

A

magnet

51
Q

a compass will always point towards the —–

A

North

52
Q

magnetized piece of metal that can spin

A

compass

53
Q

a compass —— to a magnetic field from a magnet

A

reacts

54
Q

discovered the deflection of a compass needle while performing a demonstration for his students

A

Hans Christian Oersted

55
Q

discovered the fundamental connection between electricity and magnetism
[electricity = magnetism]

A

Hans Christian Oersted

56
Q

what happens to a wire when it carries electricity?

A

a current-carrying wire becomes a magnet by setting up a magnetic field around it

57
Q

what is your proof for this: “current-carrying wire becomes a magnet by setting up a magnetic field around it”?

A

deflection of the compass needle

58
Q

according to Oersted’s experiment, when current is present, the needle deflects ————- to the wire

A

perpendicular

59
Q

according to Oersted’s experiment, when current is reversed, the needle deflects in the ——— direction

A

opposite

60
Q

Hans Christian Oersted’s principle

A

“a charge moving through a straight conductor produces a circular magnetic field around it”

61
Q

remember!

A

electric current from + to the - terminal of the battery

RIGHT HAND GRIP RULE

62
Q

what happens to the magnetic field around the wire if we flip the direction of current?

A

the magnetic field around the wire changes direction when the flow of current changes

63
Q

what is your proof for this: “the magnetic field around the wire changes direction when the flow of current changes”?

A

the flipping of the compass needle to the other direction

64
Q

if the current through the wire increases, the strength of the induced magnetic field ——–

A

increases

65
Q

a long coil of several turns of wire

A

solenoid

66
Q

the magnetic field inside a solenoid is ——– than the magnetic field outside it

A

stronger

67
Q

the concept of solenoid led to the creation of a simple ————-

A

electromagnet

68
Q

devices that create a magnetic field through the application of electricity

A

electromagnet

69
Q

if the number of coils in a wire increases, the strength of the induced magnetic field ———

A

increases

70
Q

tubular coil of wire with many turns

A

solenoid

71
Q

a temporary magnet made by passing electric current through a wire coiled around an iron bar

A

electromagnet

72
Q

consists of an iron core placed inside a wire coil

A

electromagnet

73
Q

uses of electromagnets

A 
doorbells
could send spacecraft deep into space
pick up and drop junked cars
trains (maglev, bullet, etc.)
loudspeakers (consist of permanent magnet surrounding an electromagnet)
74
Q

invented electric motor, generator and transformers

A

Michael Faraday

75
Q

discovered electromagnetic induction

[magnetism = electricity]

A

Michael Faraday

76
Q

Michael Faraday’s conclusions

A

an electrical current is produced by constantly changing the magnetic field

77
Q

converts mechanical energy to electrical energy

A

generator

78
Q

current that flows in one direction

A

direct current (DC)

79
Q

current that flows in a back-and-forth manner

A

alternating current (AC)

80
Q

converts electrical energy to mechanical energy

A

motor

81
Q

a current coming out of the plane will have its magnetic field turning:

a. counter clockwise
b. clockwise

A

a. counter clockwise

82
Q

when ———— materials are placed in a magnetic field, the atoms align so that the material has a weak magnetic force

A

paramagnetic

83
Q

symbol used to denote the direction of a current into the plane

A

(.) and (x)

84
Q

bending of a wave as it passes through different media

A

refraction

85
Q

why is an iron core needed in an electromagnet?

A

an iron core is necessary to make the magnet stronger

86
Q

how are electromagnets different to either temporary or permanent magnets?

A

an electromagnet can be turned on and off

87
Q

to increase the magnetic field of an electromagnet, use a more powerful ——-

A

battery

88
Q

type of wire (based from the web quest)

A

the copper wire attracts the most number of filings

89
Q

thickness of the wire (based from the web quest)

A

the thicker the wire, the more iron filings are attracted

90
Q

AC or DC power supply (based from the web quest)

A

DC power supply attracts more iron filings

91
Q

voltage (based from the web quest)

A

the higher the voltage, the more iron filings are attracted

92
Q

number of winds [turns] in the wire (based from the web quest)

A

the more number of winds, the more iron filings are attracted

93
Q

describe how an electric bell works

A
  • when the current flows through the circuit, the electromagnet makes a magnetic field
  • the electromagnet attracts the springy metal arm
  • the arm hits the gong, which makes a sound
94
Q

how is a magnet used inside of a simple AC generator

A
  • a wire passing through a magnetic field causes electrons in that wire to move together in one direction
  • a steam engine or some other outside source of motion moves the wire or armature through the magnetic field created by the magnets
  • the loop is spinning; which means that the flow of electrons keeps changing!
95
Q

ferromagnetic materials have —- unpaired electrons than paramagnetic materials

A

more

96
Q

if an electromagnet has a high voltage, then its magnetic capability ———

A

increases

97
Q

change in magnetic flux

A

electromagnetic induction

98
Q

generates electricity by manipulating the magnetic field within an area

A

electromagnetic induction

99
Q

Between two upright circles, (a) bigger (b) smaller, which will contain more magnetic flux?

A

(a) bigger

100
Q

Between (a) an upright circle and (b) a horizontal circle, (a) will contain —- magnetic flux

A

more

101
Q

more perpendicular, —— magnetic flux

A

higher

102
Q
  • the product of the average magnetic field times the perpendicular area that it penetrates
  • quantity of convenience in the statement of Faraday’s Law and in the discussion of objects like transformers and solenoids
A

Magnetic flux

103
Q
  • (often denoted Φ or ΦB) through a surface

- its SI unit is the weber (Wb) (in derived units: volt-seconds)

A

magnetic flux

104
Q

describe how the appearance of a pencil point changes as it moves closer the concave side of the spoon

A

the image slowly becomes upright and the size magnifies

105
Q

describe how the appearance of a pencil point changes as it moves closer the convex side of the spoon

A

the orientation of the pencil point is still upright however the size reduces

106
Q

describe the appearance of the coin if you were able to see it with the water in the cup (clear, plastic)

A

We were able to see it since we came from low N to high N. The image appears more shallow and visible.

107
Q

why did the spoon appear to be “broken” inside that cup?

A

it appeared broken because of the change in density

108
Q

what happened to the letters of the newspaper when water droplets were placed on the plastic wrap?

A

letters were magnified

water droplets act as a lens

109
Q

what happened to the letters of the newspaper when the plastic wrap is folded in half?

A

image’s magnification appeared the same as the actual text

image was blurry

110
Q

the smaller the droplet, the —- the magnification

A

more

111
Q

——– ——- in compasses are used in navigations

A

magnetic needles

112
Q

As charges move (such as in an electric current), ——— can be induced

A

magnetism

113
Q

historians believed that they were the first to build compasses to help them navigate the seas

A

Chinese

114
Q

Greek philosopher associated with “magnets” and also the first to observe its property

A

Thales

115
Q

it was given the name “——” after Magnesia, a district in the Asia Minor

A

magnet

116
Q

Another tale about magnets was based on the story of a shepherd named ——

A

Magnes

117
Q

attracts alloys

A

magnets

118
Q

not able to retain their magnetic ability after losing contact with a magnet

A

paramagnetic materials

119
Q

artificial magnets are made through ——- ———

A

induced magnetism

120
Q

types of artificial magnets

A

permanent

temporary

121
Q

magnets made of pure and soft iron

A

temporary magnets

Science Grade 10 (6 decks)

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