Ast-Com-Met Flashcards
merely reflect sunlight as they revolve around the sun
planets
dust and left behind ice whenever Earth intersects with an area where a comet has passed through
Meteor Showers
leftovers of the materials that formed the planets
space debris
small bodies (usually rocky and metallic) likened to flying mountains
asteroids
fragments of rocky materials with similar composition of the terrestrial planets
asteroids
smallest asteroids are assumed to be no larger than ———–
grains of sand
some asteroids have very ——— orbits and travel very near the —
eccentric, sun
percentage of the total mass of asteroids compared with the Moon’s mass
15
T or F: If an extinction event will occur, all micro species will die like the Big Bang
F - macro species
T or F: A planet between Mars and Jupiter collapsed because of the strong gravitational pull of Jupiter
T
largest asteroid
Ceres
first asteroid discovered in 1801
Ceres
completes a solar orbit every 14 Earth years
Hidalgo
Subsequently found after Hidalgo
Pallas, Juno, Vesta
fragment of a larger body torn apart by a collision
951 Gaspra
first asteroid to be photographed close up in 1991 by Galileo probe
951 Gaspra
moon of Ida
Dactyl
came gliding past Earth, missing our planet by 27 000 km on Feb 2013
2012DA14
2088 collisional asteroid 35 miles long
Ida
Mars’ tiny moon captured from the main asteroid belt
Deimos
7075 of them are found already with 500-1 000 at least 1 km in diameter
Near Earth asteroids
open areas in the main asteroid belt that are devoid of asteroids
Kirkwood gaps
can ignite trees and vegetation
Glowing asteroids
Occurrences are very rare but the best known was the Tunguska Event in 1908
Glowing asteroid
explosive force is estimated to have been 1 000 times that of the Hiroshima bomb
Tunguska Event of 1908
asteroids that share an orbit with a large planet or moon
Trojans
Trojan asteroids’ location
along Jupiter’s orbit, 60° ahead of and behind jupiter
Trojan asteroids’ reason for no collisions
always either behind or ahead of the planet
most significant Trojans
Jupiter Trojans
an asteroid can be called a —————
planetoid, micro planet, minor planet
T or F: Weathering and erosion on Earth have destroyed most impact craters left by asteroids.
T
types of asteroids
siliceous
carbonaceous
metallic
stony composition
siliceous
most common variety, forming 75% of known asteroids
carbonaceous
asteroids of partially known composition
metallic
found in the outer asteroid belt and beyond
D-type
The —– model suggests that D-types may have originated in the ——————
Nice, Küįper Belt
naming asteroids
patterned after:
Latin names
person who have made contributions to science
names of gods and goddesses
have orbital periods of 3-6 years
asteroid belt
Asteroid belt is between ——-
Mars and Jupiter
T or F: Scientists and engineers have raised the prospect of asteroid mining.
T
orbits approach but do not cross Earth
Amor belt
orbits cross Earth
Apollo belt
have wider orbits than earth
Apollo belt
orbits cross Earth and spend most of their time inside earth’s orbit
Aten belt
Earth-approaching asteroids that cross Mars’ orbit
Amor
NEAs that are considered as potentially hazardous asteroids
Apollo
LiNEAR
Lincoln Near Earth Asteroid Research Program
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
modular space station whose first component was launched in 1998
ISS
T or F: An asteroid could have a moon
T
T or F: An asteroid has its own light
F
T or F: An asteroid is smaller than a meteoroid
F
T or F: An asteroid can get too close to Earth
T
T or F: If an asteroid collides with Earth, hundreds of species will die out
T
T or F: Asteroids can be found only in the Asteroid belt
F
T or F: Asteroids revolve around the Sun
T
What do asteroids and comets have in common?
Most are unchanged since their formation in the solar nebula
most interesting and unpredictable bodies in the solar system
comets
Comets are often described as ———-
‘dirty snowballs’ and balls of ice
Comets are made up of ——
ice made from frozen gases, water and dust
T or F: Comets cannot survive more than a few hundred close orbits of the sun
T
The list of comets discovered have reached —– as of 2011
4 165
comets that have a period of more than 200 years or even millions of years
non-periodic
orbits around the sun that are shorter than 200 years
short-period
period of more than 200 years travel farther from the sun
long-period
the first person to determine the reappearance of a comet by using Newton’s mathematical model for comets
Edmond Halley
completes elongated orbit in 76 years
Halley
Reappearance year of Halley
2062
sun grazing comet discovered by Vitaly Nevsky in 2012
ISON
long-period comet discovered by Terry Lovejoy
Lovejoy
collided with Jupiter and broke up into pieces in July 1994
Shoemaker Levy 9
estimated to have 12 000 gigatons of TNT
Shoemaker Levy 9
brightest comet in the last 1 000 years
Ikeya Seki 1965
comets visible in the Philippines
Kohoutek West Hyakutake Hale-Bopp McNaught Holmes
last comet that made appearance in 2010 and has a short orbital period of 6.4 year
Hartley-2
small, icy bodies that have highly eccentric orbits and can be found in the Oort Cloud or Küįper belt
comets
shape of most comets’ orbits
long, narrow ellipses
comets with short orbital periods are thought to orbit beyond ——— in ————–
Neptune, Küįper belt
comets with long orbital periods appear to be distributed in all directions from the sun
Oort cloud
three parts of a comet
nucleus, coma and tail
glowing head of a comet
coma
released dust and has form a huge, extremely unstable atmosphere around a comet
coma
types of tails
ion and dust
tail of a comet points ———— the sun
away from
formed by the force exerted on the coma
tail
two forces that contribute to the formation of a comet’s tail
solar wind
solar radiation
what happens to a comet as it gets close to the sun?
it produces a coma and two tails that are swept away from the sun
Most comets are believed to orbit the Sun ——– the orbit of Pluto
beyond
naming of comets
Patterned after:
the year of their appearance
the person who discovered them
T or F: Comets last within the solar system forever
F - do not last
T or F: Scientists believe that the chances of comet collisions with Earth are very remote.
T
T or F: Comets typically gain material with every pass by the Sun.
F
small solid particle that travels through space
meteoroids
fragments of rocky material with similar composition as the terrestrial planets
meteoroids
very tiny meteoroids
micrometeoroids or cosmic dust
T or F: Meteoroids do not emit any light of their own.
T
piece of space rock which occasionally hits Earth usually without causing serious damage
meteoroids
origin of meteoroids
interplanetary debris
Moon
comet trails
material from the asteroid belt
one of the largest meteorites ever recovered from the Philippines
Bondoc meteorite
Identified Bondoc as a meteorite
Harvey Ninninger
super bolide caused by a NEA that entered Earth’s atmosphere over Russia in 2013
Chelyabinsk
The Canyon Diablo meteorites include the many fragments of the asteroid that created the ——————-
Baringer Crater
– tons of iron fragments have been found in the immediate area
30
Once a meteoroid enters the earth’s atmosphere, it heats up due to ——– with the atmosphere and produces a —- of debris that glows because of —-
friction, tail, heat
interplanetary material that burns up and becomes a glowing streak of light in our atmosphere
meteor
glowing tail of a meteoroid
meteor
‘bulalakaw’, shooting stars, falling stars
meteor
flaming meteoroid
meteor
The Orionids
meteor
If a space rock is stuck in the earth’s atmosphere it is considered a ——
meteor
flash of light produced when a meteoroid passes Earth’s atmosphere
meteor
meteor that appear to glow brighter than planets
fireballs
formed when fireballs explode
bolides
interplanetary material that enters the Earth’s atmosphere and collides with the ground rather than burning up
meteorite
manages to reach Earth’s surface as a solid object
meteorite
small chunk of space rock that hits earth
meteorite
piece of solar system debris that passes through Earth’s atmosphere and strikes the ground
meteorite
rocky leftover planetesimals that hit Earth’s surface
meteorites
large-irregular shaped object, potentially dangerous to Earth
asteroid
result when Earth intersects a cometary orbit
meteor showers
a large, rocky body orbiting the Sun
the body was surrounded by other similar rocky bodies that travelled in the same orbit
asteroid
meteor showers are composed of ————-
dust and other debris from comets
In what layer of the atmosphere do meteoroids get vaporized?
mesosphere
Compare meteoroids and asteroids
They are alike except for their size — meteoroids are smaller than asteroids
types of meteorites
iron
stony
mesosiderites (iron-stony)
meteorites that contain silicate minerals
subdivided into chondrites and anchondrites
stony
front part of the head of a comet
impact front
T or F: Close to the sun, the tail of a comet reach its maximum length.
T
contains similar quantities of iron, nickel and silicates
mesosiderites
meteorites that contain a high percentage of iron and nickel compounds and created in the rupture of asteroids
iron
frozen water, methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, rock and dust
nucleus
the trail of suspended gases generates a low intensity, luminous region with a bluish color
the gas molecules lose an electron and therefore have an electric charge
ion tail
suspended dust particles trail behind the comet, reflecting sunlight and making the luminous tail visible
dust tail
object in space that leaves a bright stream of gas and dust
comet
straight bright light left by a large burning meteor fireball
also known as the dust trail of meteors
afterglow
luminous phenomenon observed when a small solid particle enter Earth’s atmosphere and burns up
meteor
remains of a meteoroid found on Earth
meteorite
Which of the following can be touched:
a. meteorite
b. meteoroid
c. meteor
d. meteozoid
a.
features on Earth offer clear evidence that comets and asteroids have struck its surface
rayed craters
Most meteor showers are associated with the orbits of —–
comets
T or F: A meteor is visible because of its high temperature as it glows in Earth’s atmosphere
T
T or F: Comets look fuzzy while asteroids appear as moving points of light
T
T or F: Comets have higher densities than asteroids
F
T or F: The average distance of a comet from the sun is far greater than those of asteroids
T
T or F: A comet’s orbit tend to be more eccentric than those of asteroids.
T
T or F: Meteor showers are named after the background constellation with which they are observed
T
T or F: Comets are made of frozen ice and rock while meteors are made of rock.
T
T or F: Comets rarely enter a planet’s atmosphere.
T
T or F: Most comets are found outside the solar system and meteors are found within
T
Meteoroids usually come from ——— or ———–
comets, asteroids
small pieces of rock that travel through space with no predictable or recognizable path
meteoroids
A comet’s —- can measure 62 000 miles or more in diameter
head
As a comet moves away from the sun, it returns to —- ——-
cold storage
T or F: Only a tiny portion of the Oort cloud comets pass into the inner solar system
T
largest discovered fragment of the 150-foot meteor that created Meteor Crater
Holsinger Meteorite
comets that leave their original orbits and approach the Sun generally settle into new trajectories
periodic comets
What do comets have in common with deep fried ice cream?
They’re both crispy on the outside, with soft, cold interiors.
T or F: Asteroids are similar to comets because they have visible comas (fuzzy outline and tail) like comets do.
F - similar but do not have visible comas
name of the maker of this reviewer
Dana Praise C. Guerrero
