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Science Grade 10 > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

originated from plant cells

can’t be digested

A

fibers

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2
Q

when you eat food that contains this, your body system will be cleansed and it’s very easy to poop

A

fibers

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3
Q

T or F: Plant oils are believed to be better for our health than animal fats.

A

T

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4
Q

when olive oil or any kind of oil solidifies, it is ——–

A

unhealthy

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5
Q

simpler terms: go, grow and glow

A

biomolecules

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6
Q

“Good cholesterol”

A

HDL: high-density lipoproteins

- stable and carries “bad cholesterol” away from the arteries

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7
Q

“Bad cholesterol”

A

LDL: low-density lipoproteins

- sticks to artery walls and contributes to plaque build-up

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8
Q

waxy fat carried through the bloodstream by lipoproteins

•type of lipid WITHOUT FATTY ACIDS

A

cholesterol

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9
Q

aka macromolecules because of their large size

A

organic molecules

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10
Q

resulting molecule of organic molecules (many parts)

A

polymer

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11
Q

repeating units of organic molecules

A

monomers

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12
Q

Complete the information:

Category: Lipids
Example: ?
Subunit(s): ?

A

Fats

Triglyceride (glycerol + fatty acids)

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13
Q

Complete the information:

Category: ?
Example: Polysaccharide
Subunit(s): ?

A

Carbohydrates

Monasaccharide

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14
Q

Complete the information:

Category: ?
Example: ?
Subunit(s): Amino acid

A

Protein

Polypeptide

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15
Q

Complete the information:

Category: ?
Example: DNA, RNA
Subunit(s): ?

A

Nucleic acids

Nucleotide

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16
Q

1st Class of Organic Molecules

A

Carbohydrates

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17
Q

“simple sugar” ; single sugar molecule

A

monasaccharide

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18
Q

contain 2 monosaccharides JOINED by glycosidic bonds

A

disaccharides

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19
Q

polymers of monosaccharides; 3 or more monosaccharides

A

polysaccharides

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20
Q

quite soluble and sweet to taste

C6H12O6

A

monosaccharides

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21
Q

hexoses

A

6 carbon atoms

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22
Q

examples of hexoses

A

glucose, fructose and galactose

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23
Q

hexoses are also called ——-

A

isomers

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24
Q

Why are hexoses called isomers?

A

They have the same molecular formula

C6H12O6

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25
Q

pentoses

A

5 carbon atoms

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26
Q

examples of pentoses

A

ribose and deoxyribose (in nucleotides)

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27
Q

C5H10O5

C5H10O4

A

pentoses

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28
Q 
most common monosaccharide
aka dextrose (blood sugar)
instant source of energy
A

glucose

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29
Q

sweetest sugar

found in fruits (ripe mango, melon, banana)

A

fructose

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30
Q

monosaccharide
sugar in milk
also found in dairy products

A

galactose

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31
Q

contain 2 monosaccharides JOINED by dehydration reaction/synthesis
C12H22O11

A

disaccharides

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32
Q

common table sugar
glucose + fructose
brown, white sugar

A

sucrose

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33
Q

milk sugar

glucose + galactose

A

lactose

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34
Q 
malt sugar (used in beer)
glucose + glucose
A

maltose

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35
Q

type of chemical reaction, which produces water molecule(s) after combining 2 or more subunits

A

dehydration synthesis

36
Q

type of chemical reaction, in which water molecule(s) is/are used to break down a compound

A

hydrolysis

37
Q

long chains of monosaccharides

A

polysaccharides

38
Q

used for short-term energy storage
repeating units of glucose
potato, carrots, corn
STORED IN PLANTS

39
Q

used as reserve energy
stored in liver and muscles of animals
STORED IN HUMANS

40
Q

insoluble CHO

found in tough outer wall of plants (for support and protection)

41
Q

found in exoskeleton of animals (for support and protection)

MORE rigid and inflexible than cellulose

42
Q

2nd Class of Organic Molecules

43
Q

aka Fats
organic compounds that do NOT dissolve in water
composed of C, H and O atoms
subunits are CONNECTED by ester linkage

44
Q

T or F: O atoms are fewer in carbohydrates compared to lipids.

A

F - fewer in lipids

45
Q 
Complete the information
LIPIDS
Type: ?
Organismal Uses: Long-term energy storage and thermal insulation in animals
Human Uses: ?
A

Fats

Butter, lard

46
Q 
Complete the information
LIPIDS
Type: Oils
Organismal Uses: ?
Human Uses: ?
A

Long-term energy storage in plants and their seeds

Cooking oils

47
Q 
Complete the information
LIPIDS
Type: ?
Organismal Uses: ?
Human Uses: No-stick pan spray
A

Phospholipids

Component of plasma membrane

48
Q 
Complete the information
LIPIDS
Type: ?
Organismal Uses: Component of plasma membrane; hormones; cholesterol 
Human Uses: ?
A

Steroids

Medicines

49
Q 
Complete the information
LIPIDS
Type: Waxes
Organismal Uses: ?
Human Uses: ?
A

Wear resistance; retain water; protect surfaces of leaves

Candles, polishes

50
Q

found in cold-blooded animals (cannot be found in humans)

thick layer of fat

51
Q

aka fat molecules
3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol
simplest form of a lipid
long-term energy storage

A

triglycerides (fats/oils)

52
Q

T or F: Unsaturated fat is safer than Saturated fat.

53
Q

long hydrocarbon chain without double bonds between carbons

S in room temperature

A

Saturated Fat

54
Q

long hydrocarbon chain with one or more double bonds between carbons
L in room temperature
have lipids with HDL

A

Unsaturated Fat

55
Q

T or F:

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids -> 1 triglyceride + 3 H20

56
Q

two fatty acids attached instead of three

3rd fatty acid replaced by phosphate group

A

phospholipids

57
Q

Phosphate group (semipermeable):

Fatty acids are ?
Phosphate group ?

A

hydrophobic (fail to mix with water)

hydrophilic (having a tendency to mix with water)

58
Q

Phospholipids in water:
Phosphate “heads”: —— water
Fatty acid “tails”: —- —- water

A

toward

away from

59
Q

cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen

skeletons of 4 fused carbon rings

60
Q 
Long-chain of fatty acid bonded to a long-chain alcohol
waterproof
resistant to degradation 
used as lubricants, polishers, ointment
*usually seen in leaves and fruits
61
Q

passing of water to a semipermeable membrane (selective membrane)

62
Q

3rd Class of Organic Molecules

63
Q

aka grow food

organic compounds composed of C, H, O, N and sometimes S atoms (P and Fe may also be present)

64
Q 
fundamental building block of proteins
• there are 24 currently known
compounds that contain an:
- amino group (-NH2)
•contains BASIC nitrogen element
- a carboxyl group
•ACIDIC and contains C and O
- a side chain (R-group)
•variant
A

Amino acids

65
Q

linkage between amino acids

A

peptide bond

66
Q

Complete the information

Examples of Proteins according to Function

Movement-
Structure-
Storage-
Transport-

A

actin and myosin (muscles)
collagen (skin), keratin (hair and nail)
casein (milk), albumin (egg)
hemoglobin (blood)

67
Q

Complete the information

Examples of Proteins according to Function

Regulation-
Defense-
Biochemical Control-

A

insulin
antibodies
enzymes (peptidase, lactase)

68
Q

4th Class of Organic Molecules

A

Nucleic Acids

69
Q

two forms: DNA and RNA

A

Nucleic Acids

70
Q

building block of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

71
Q

phosphate + pentose sugar + nitrogenous base

A

Nucleic Acids

72
Q

DNA Nucleotide Bases

A

Purines:
A (Adenine)
G (Guanine)

Pyrimidines:
T (Thymine)
C (Cytosine)

73
Q

RNA Nucleotide Bases

A

Purines:
A (Adenine)
G (Guanine)

Pyrimidines:
U (Uracil)
C (Cytosine)

74
Q

Complete the information

Comparison of DNA & RNA

Full name:
Basic Structure:
Nucleotide Sugar:

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid; Ribonucleic acid
double-stranded “DOUBLE HELIX”; single-stranded (of nucleotides)
Deoxyribose; Ribose

75
Q

Complete the information

Comparison of DNA & RNA

Location in a Cell:
Function:

A

nucleus (the chromosomes); nucleus, in the cytoplasm, & at the ribosomes

hereditary material of a cell, directs & controls cell activities; involved in protein synthesis

76
Q

Types of RNA

A

mRNA (Messenger RNA)
tRNA (Transport RNA)
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

77
Q

carries GENETIC INFO from the DNA

A

mRNA (Messenger RNA)

78
Q

carries AMINO ACIDS to ribosomes during protein synthesis

A

tRNA (Transport RNA)

79
Q

PART of the ribosome subunits

A

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

80
Q

Complete the information

Types of Amino Acid

Essential:
Non-essential:

A

amino acids that CANNOT be synthesized by the body

amino acids that CAN be synthesized by the body

81
Q

sources of unsaturated triglyceride

82
Q

Positive Test for Simple Sugar

A

formation of a brick-red color with Fehling’s solutions (with heat subjection)

83
Q

Positive Test for Starch

A

formation of a bluish-black color with Iodine

with heat subjection

84
Q

Positive Test for Fats and Oils

A

brown paper tests (becomes translucent)

85
Q

Positive Test for Proteins

A

formation of a yellowish color with Nitric acid (without heat subjection)

Science Grade 10 (6 decks)

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