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Science Grade 10 > Coordinated Functions > Flashcards

Coordinated Functions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

functions of the reproductive system

A
  1. production and transport of gametes
  2. production of sex hormones
  3. organ system responsible for the perpetuation of a species or production of a new organism
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2
Q

produces egg cells (ova) and sex hormones

A

ovary

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3
Q

conducts the egg cell (ovum) toward the uterus

A

fallopian tube (oviduct)

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4
Q

houses the developing fetus

A

uterus

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5
Q

opening of the uterus

A

cervix

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6
Q

tube that links the ovary to the uterus

A

fallopian tube (oviduct)

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7
Q

the specific site where fertilization of the human egg takes place

A

fallopian tube (oviduct)

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8
Q

receives the penis during copulation and serves as the birth canal

A

vagina

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9
Q

system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction

A

reproductive system

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10
Q

basic units of female reproductive biology, each of which is composed of roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary

A

ovarian follicles

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11
Q

lining of the uterus

A

endometrium

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12
Q

stage of growth and maturation that produces a mature egg cell
(follicle grows to full maturity)

A

follicle stage

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13
Q

ripe follicle releases an ovum

A

ovulation

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14
Q

secretes progesterone (and estrogen) which thickens the uterine lining in preparation for the implantation of the embryo

A

luteal stage

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15
Q

lining of the uterus is sloughed off and flows out of the body

A

menstrual flow stage

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16
Q

menstrual cycle SIMPLE timeline

A

Follicle Stage
Ovulation
Luteal Stage
Menstrual Flow Stage

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17
Q

Release of FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (Lutenizing hormone) -> — matures

A

egg

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18
Q

Follicle secretes estrogen -> uterine lining ——–; – increases

A

thickens; LH

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19
Q

Presence of LH (Lutenizing hormone) -> follicle ruptures and releases mature egg

A

ovulation

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20
Q

increase in LH -> ——– enlarges and fills with blood vessels (become —— —— or “yellow body”)

A

follicle; corpus luteum

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21
Q

———— -> further thickening of uterine wall

A

progesterone

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22
Q

If fertilization does not occur (an egg is not fertilized), what disintegrates and degenerates?

A

corpus luteum (“yellow body”)

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23
Q

If fertilization does not occur (an egg is not fertilized), what collapses?

A

uterine lining

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24
Q

discharge of dead tissue and unfertilized egg

A

menstruation

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25
Q

the follicle becomes this structure once the egg cell is released from the ovary

A

corpus luteum (“yellow body”)

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26
Q

Low FSH and LH levels -> low ————- and ——– levels

A

progesterone; estrogen

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27
Q

what controls hormonal secretion?

A

(+) positive feedback

(-) negative feedback

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28
Q

a mechanism that STIMULATES further secretion of hormones

A

(+) positive feedback

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29
Q

arising concentration of a secreted hormone STIMULATES further secretion

A

(+) positive feedback

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30
Q

arise in the concentration of a secreted hormone INHIBITS (prevents) further secretion

A

(-) negative feedback

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31
Q

hormone that triggers the release of FSH and LH by another structure

A

pituitary hormone

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32
Q

structure that PRODUCES the pituitary gland that triggers the release of FSH and LH by another structure

A

hypothalamus

33
Q

why is menstruation important?

A

to know if the mother is fertile or infertile (by her menstrual cycle)

34
Q

organs that produce the male and female gametes

A

gonads

35
Q

GnRH

A

Gonadotropic- Releasing hormone

36
Q

Pituitary hormone effects

A

LH and FSH stimulates spermatogenesis and testosterone secretion by the testes

37
Q

Testes hormone effects

A

Testosterone and inhibin inhibit the secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus and LH & FSH by the pituitary

38
Q

produces sperm cells and sex hormones

A

testis

39
Q

counterpart of the ovary in the male reproductive system

A

testis

40
Q

site of sperm (temporary) storage and sperm cell maturation

A

epididymis

41
Q

conducts sperm from the testis to the urethra

A

vas deferens

42
Q

sperm cells travel through this structure and are mixed with secretions

A

urethra

43
Q

secretes MILKY fluid for acid neutralization of the pathway for sperm and urine

A

prostate gland

44
Q

secretes THICK fluid containing nutrients for sperm use

A

seminal vesicle

45
Q

the testis is housed by the ——-

A

scrotum

46
Q

directly beside the testis

A

epididymis

47
Q

secretes VISCOUS fluid for lubrication; holds basic semen (protective fluid)

A

cowper’s gland

48
Q

conducts semen and urine

A

urethra

49
Q

copulatory organ in the male reproductive system

A

penis

50
Q

undescended testes -> ———– of the male person

A

infertility

51
Q

sperm cells die at how many degrees?

A

37

52
Q

system of organs linked to the nervous system which controls secretion of hormones and other chemicals by various glands

A

endocrine system

53
Q

for BOTH male and female, there are —– major endocrine glands

A

8

54
Q

8 major endocrine glands

A 
pituitary gland (hormone)
thyroid gland
adrenal gland
testis
pineal gland
thymus
pancreas
ovary
55
Q

T or F: The testis and the ovary are part of the endocrine system and reproductive system

A

T

56
Q

T or F: The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes FSH, LH, and prolactin

A

F

anterior lobe

57
Q

T or F: The epididymis protects the testis and maintains a lower temperature than the rest of the body

A

F

scrotum

58
Q

Complete the information
Pituitary lobe: ?
Secretions: OCT
Main Targets:
1. ? - induces milk movement into secretory ducts
2. ? - induces uterine contractions during child birth

A

Posterior
Mammary glands
Uterus

59
Q

this hormone targets the mammary glands and induces milk movement to the secretory ducts

A

OCT (Oxytocin)

60
Q 
Complete the information
Pituitary lobe: Anterior
Secretions: ?
Main Targets: 
1. mammary glands - stimulates and sustains milk production
A

PRL (prolactin)

61
Q 
Complete the information
Pituitary lobe: ?
Secretions: Lutenizing hormone (LH)
Main Targets: 
1. ?
- In F, stimulates progesterone secretion, ovulation, corpus luteum formation
2. testes
- In M, stimulates testosterone secretion, sperm release
A

Anterior

ovaries

62
Q 
Complete the information
Pituitary lobe: Anterior
Secretions: ?
Main Targets: 
1. ovaries
- In F, stimulates estrogen secretion, egg maturation
2. ?
- In M, stimulates sperm formation
A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

testes

63
Q

stores and secretes hormones that were SYNTHESIZED in the hypothalamus

A

posterior lobe of pituitary

64
Q

produces and secretes its OWN hormones

A

anterior lobe of pituitary

65
Q

Gonadotropin

A

recreating hormone

66
Q

T or F: Both sex have estrogen and testosterone at different “levels”

A

T

67
Q

(from gamein “to marry”) a cell that fuses with another cell during fertilization in organisms that sexually reproduce

A

gametes

68
Q

gametes = ?

A

sex cells

69
Q

sex cells have how many chromosomes?

A

23

70
Q

how many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46

71
Q

how come humans have 46 chromosomes?

A

In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46.
22 of these pairs, (called autosomes), look the SAME in both males and females.
The 23rd pair, (called the sex chromosomes), DIFFER between males and females.

72
Q

Humans have a total of – chromosomes in EACH body cell; 44 of these are ———. You get 1 set of – autosomes from your mom and another set from your dad.

A

46
autosomes
22

73
Q

a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds (M or F)

A

sex chromosome

74
Q

GnRH stimulates (causes) the pituitary gland to produce the HORMONE responsible for starting follicle (egg) development which is?

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

75
Q

The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) causes the primary female sex hormone to rise which is?

A

estrogen

76
Q

primary male sex hormone

A

testosterone

77
Q

This hormone aids in egg maturation and provides the hormonal trigger to cause ovulation and the release of eggs from the ovary

A

Lutenizing hormone (LH), the other reproductive pituitary hormone

78
Q

fertilized egg

A

embryo

79
Q

What gland produces testosterone?

A

(this important hormone is produced mainly in the testes in males)
adrenal glands

Science Grade 10 (6 decks)

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