Reducing bias

Question 1

What are internal motivations

Answer 1

stems from personal beliefs that discrimination is wrong

Question 2

what are people with internal motivations more likely to do

Answer 2

recognise conflicts between prejudices and actions

Question 3

what are external motivations

Answer 3

a result of social pressure

Question 4

what are a result of external motivations

Answer 4

feeling irritated and resentful

Question 5

what is a consequence of external motivations

Answer 5

does not necessarily prevent discrimination

Question 6

what is stereotype rebound

Answer 6

unwanted thoughts return in greater strength after suppression

Question 7

what is perspective taking

Answer 7

making an active effort to take someone else’s perspective

Question 8

what can perspective taking be facilitated by

Answer 8

Writing a day in the life about a social group member
Listening to someone’s own account of their experiences with discrimination

Question 9

what are the consequences of perspective taking

Answer 9

strengthens associations between ingroups and outgroups
-leads to internal motivations

Question 10

what is social identity model of collective action

Answer 10

actions taken by a group to achieve a goal

Question 11

what are precursors in social identity model

Answer 11

-perceived injustice
-relevance to social identity
-self-efficacy

Question 12

summarise methods in experiment 1 Petzel et al

Answer 12

Perspective taking - male vs female scientists
-emphasised perceived injustices

Question 13

summarise methods in experiment 2 Petzel et al

Answer 13

relating inequities to men’s social identity via blame

Question 14

what are the different routes in the elaboration likelihood model

Answer 14

central routes and peripheral routes

Question 15

explain central routes

Answer 15

expert sources of information
empirical evidence

Question 16

explain peripheral routes

Answer 16

promotion of empathy

Question 17

apply elaboration likelihood to Petzel et al

Answer 17

empirical evidence of gender bias
perspective taking of female scientist

Question 18

what is the contact hypothesis

Answer 18

Under proper conditions, interaction between ingroup and outgroup members leads to positive change

Question 19

who may contact hypothesis be helpful for

Answer 19

-those high in prejudice
-those who avoid contact with outgroups
-those in high intergroup anxiety

Question 20

limitations of contact hypothesis (negative contact)

Answer 20

-reinforce stereotypes
-increases stereotype application

Question 21

describe extended contact

Answer 21

Having an ingroup friend who has outgroup friend(s) is associated with lower prejudice and reduced intergroup anxiety

Question 22

describe media contact

Answer 22

• Positive portrayals in the media can improve intergroup attitudes
  Works for both real life and fictional characters

Question 23

describe imagined contact

Answer 23

Mentally practicing a first meeting with an outgroup member

Question 24

what does imagined contact reduce

Answer 24

Negative emotions and anxiety
Physiological reactions in response to intergroup contact

Question 25

what is salient categorisation

Answer 25

Positive attitudes generated by contact will be generalised to the group if that individual is seen as a typical member