Applied social/personality Flashcards
what is industrial organisational psychology
psychology of the workplace
what is I/O used for
Skills, expertise and wellbeing of a workforce
How to balance this between cost and efficiency
what are the Hawthorne studies
Studies effects of lighting - had no overall effect
Productivity increased when light increased, decreased or constant
what were the Hawthorne studies
confounding variables - individuals were aware that they were being observed
define job satisfaction
The degree of pleasure an employee derives from their job
what is job satisfaction a good predictor of
job performance, turnover and overall health
what are the three types of commitment
affective
calculative
normative
what is affective commitment
internalisation of organisational values
what is calculative commitment
personal time and resources already devoted to company
what is normative commitment
internalised pressures to meet organisational goals
what is selection
Process of learning about an individual to make an inference
what are common measures used in selection
cognitive ability, job knowledge, personality and emotional intelligence
what are the advantages of working in teams
- Can make better decisions
- Better information sharing
Increases employee motivation
what are the disadvantages of working in teams
-Extra resources required for team maintenance
-social loafing
-groupthink
-group polarisation
what is social loafing
members may exert less effort in teams than alone
why may social loafing occur
○ Low accountability
○ High expected effort from others
Tasks that lack personal meaning
define groupthink
the tendency for group discussion to shift group members towards an extreme position
define group polarisation
the tendency towards flawed group decision making when group members are so intent on preserving group harmony they fail to analyse a problem completely
what are the 5Cs of effective team members
Cooperating, coordinating, communicating, comforting and conflict resolving
how can teamwork be improved
Using a set of behaviours that people are expected to perform, either formally or informally assigned (team roles)
what is informal role assignment
occurs during the development of a team and is based on personal characteristics
why are smaller teams better
less time to coordinate roles, more engagement between team members, members tend to feel more responsible for success and failure
why is diversity important in the workplace
View problems and alternatives from different perspectives
Broader knowledge base
explain openness in the workplace
may adjust better to organisational change, linked to higher creativity and adaptability
explain conscientiousness in the workplace
strong predictor of job performance, too much can be a bad thing
explain extraversion in the workplace
linked to higher performance in sales and management, related to social interactions
explain agreeableness in the workplace
effective in jobs requiring cooperation and helpfulness
explain neuroticism in the workplace
emotional stability relates to stress coping, and a strong predictor of job performance
what is leadership
Recognition and monitoring of the situation
Adapting behaviours to meet current demands
what do trait theories believe about leaders
specific traits can be identified that make someone a good leader e.g. intelligence, personality, charisma
what do behavioural theories believe about leadership
leaders can be made, applying behaviours which can be learned e.g. organisation, setting goals
what are the 4 types of leadership
- Coercive
- Reward
- Legitimate
expert
what does the contingency approach believe about
Leadership approaches assumed fixed styles were the most effective
what is transformative leadership
- Inspiring a group to pursue goals and attain results
Builds and communicates a clear vision
what is transactional leadership
- Through allocation of rewards, consequences in exchange for behaviours
More effective with clear goals and expectations, and constant monitoring of performance
what is laissez-faire leadership
- Non-leadership, responsibility is deflected and followers are on their own
what is leader member exchange theory
Focus on the dyadic relationship between leaders and followers
what is servant leadership
Put the need of others above their own
Leads to more loyalty to a leader over an organisation
