RED-s Flashcards
What is the primary focus of the podcast on Female Athlete Health?
Updates in Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) and improving care for patients
What was the previous name of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)?
Female Athlete Triad
RED-S was changed to be inclusive of both male and female athletes.
What makes up the female athlete triad?
Amenorrhea, eating disorders, osteoporosis
What does energy balance (EB) equal in the context of RED-S?
Energy Intake (EI) - Energy Output (EO)
When in negative energy balance for
weeks to months, athletes will exhibit
signs/symptoms of REDs
What is REDs?
A syndrome of impaired physiological and/or psychological functioning experienced by female and male athletes that is caused by exposure to problematic (prolonged and/or severe) LEA.
What are the detrimental outcomes of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)?
Decreases in:
* Energy metabolism
* Reproductive function
* Musculoskeletal health
* Immunity
* Glycogen synthesis
* Cardiovascular health
* Haematological health
These factors can lead to impaired well-being, increased injury risk, and decreased sports performance.
What is the underlying factor in the syndrome of RED-S?
Low energy availability
What percentage of female athletes may be affected by disordered eating?
Up to 62%
Is REDs a definite sign of disordered eating?
No.
What is the continuum of disordered eating?
Balance between appropriate eating and exercise
Ranges from “healthy dieting” to extreme weight loss
Can include clinical eating disorders
What percentage of male and female athletes may be affected by disordered eating?
33% of males, 62% of females
One study found the number of college athletes at risk of anorexia or bulimia nervosa to be…
Fill in the blank: Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by …
Refusal to maintain body weight for age and height.
Intense fear of gaining weight.
Disturbed body image or denial of seriousness of current low body weight.
Amenorrhea.
ie. BMI< 17.5 or < 85% of expected weight
What defines Bulimia Nervosa?
Recurrent episodes of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain.
Self-evaluation influenced by body image, may occur with or without AN.
Binge eating occurs at least twice a week for three months.
Define binge eating
Eating a larger amount of food in a discrete time. Sense of lack of control over eating during episode.
What is menarche?
First menstrual cycle
12.5 years average
What is amenorrhea?
Absence of menstrual cycle lasting more than 3 months
Primary Amenorrhea = delayed menarche (15 yr);
Secondary Amenorrhea occurs after menarche
What are the definitions of eumenorrhea and oligomenorrhea?
Eumenorrhea: menstrual cycles at intervals near the median (28 days)
Oligomenorrhea: menstrual cycles longer than 35 days, or infrequent menstrual cycle; 3-6/yr
Define luteal suppression and anovulation
Luteal suppression: a menstrual cycle with a luteal phase
shorter than 11 d in length or with a low concentration of
progesterone.
Anovulation: a menstrual cycle without ovulation.
What is the estimated prevalence of primary amenorrhea in athletes?
~7% overall; 22% in cheerleading, diving, and gymnastics
What can cause menstrual dysfunction in athletes?
Low energy intake and high energy expenditure
What is the estimated prevalence of secondary amenorrhea in athletes?
~2-5% overall in women; 69% in dancers, 65% in long distance runners
Menstrual dysfunction can occur after how many months of low energy availability?
Can occur in as little as 1 month of low energy availability but more likely 2-3 months. Takes 3-6 months to recover after improvement in energy availability.
What is functional hypothalamic amenorrhea?
Negative energy balance caused by high EE.
