Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

KIN 334 > 5As and PA for Weight Loss > Flashcards

5As and PA for Weight Loss Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prevalence of obesity in Canada?

A

~20% and ~34% for OW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When was obesity declared a chronic disease?

A

CMA, 2015

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the key components that have changed regarding obesity since 2007?

A
  • Declaration of obesity as a chronic disease
  • Impact of bias, stigma, and discrimination
  • Advances in the science of obesity and weight regulation
  • Advances in obesity treatments & therapies
  • Recognition of patient-centered care and outcomes, beyond weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is obesity defined?

A

A prevalent, complex, progressive, and relapsing chronic disease characterized by abnormal or excessive body fat (adiposity) that impairs health
BMI and waist circumference can still be used as screening tools.

Previously defined by BMI (measure of size, not health).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What screening tools can be used to diagnose obesity?

A
  • BMI
  • Waist circumference
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What should the diagnosis of obesity be based on?

A

The presence of functional, medical, and/or psychosocial impairments related to abnormal or excess body fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the goal of the obesity guidelines?

A

To improve the standard of, and access to, care for individuals with obesity across Canada

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the key principles of obesity management?

A
  • Evidence-based chronic disease management principles
  • Validate patients’ lived experiences
  • Address root drivers of obesity
  • Access to evidence-informed interventions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which evidence-informed interventions should be included in obesity management?

A
  • Medical nutrition therapy
  • Physical activity
  • Psychological interventions
  • Pharmacotherapy
  • Surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is weight bias?

A

Bias and stigma faced by people living with obesity that impacts their health and access to care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How should healthcare providers address their own beliefs towards patients living with obesity?

A

They should assess their beliefs and attitudes and how these may influence healthcare delivery

Being aware of internalized weight bias, as well as the use of non-judgemental words, and avoiding making assumptions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False: Not everyone with a large body size or high BMI has obesity.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the 5-Step (5As) Approach to Obesity Management?

A
  • Step 1 (ASK): Recognition of obesity as a chronic disease
  • Step 2 (ASSESS): Assessment of the individual (identifying root causes)
  • Step 3 (ADVISE): Discussion of treatment options and adjunctive therapies
  • Step 4 (AGREE): Agreement on therapy goals
  • Step 5 (ASSIST): Engagement and follow-up
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the first step in the 5-Step Approach to Obesity Management?

A

Recognition of obesity as a chronic disease

Asking patient’s permission to discuss obesity prior to the conversation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What should healthcare providers assess in Step 2 of the 5-Step Approach?

A

Root causes, complications, and barriers to obesity treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are core treatment options discussed in Step 3 of the 5-Step Approach?

A
  • Medical nutrition therapy
  • Physical activity
  • Psychological, pharmacological, and surgical interventions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three pillars of obesity management discussed in step 3?

A

Psychological intervention, pharmacological therapy, bariatric surgery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the first pillar of obesity management discussed in step 3.

A

Psychological intervention: implementing behaviour modification, manage sleep/ time/ stress, cognitive behavioural therapy and/or acceptance therapy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the second pillar of obesity management discussed in step 3.

A

Pharmacological therapy: liraglutide, orlistat, naltrexone.

Criteria: BMI > 30 kg/m2 OR
BMI > 27 kg/m2 with obesity related complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the third pillar of obesity management discussed in step 3.

A

Bariatric surgery: Sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass, biliopancreatic diversion.

Criteria: BMI > 40 kg/m2 OR
BMI > 35-40 kg/m2 with obesity related complications OR
BMI > 30 kg/m2 with poorly controlled T2D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe step 4 and 5.

A

Agree and assist: agree on realistic expectations and sustainable goals (as well as an action plan). Assist in identifying drivers and barriers, while providing education and resources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS)?

A

A staging tool used to classify adult obesity levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe stages 0-2 of EOSS.

A

Stage 0: No sign of obesity related risk factors, no symptoms, no limitations.

Stage 1: Subclinical risk factors OR mild symptoms (physical or psychological)

Stage 2: Established comorbidities OR moderate psychological symptoms or limitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe stages 3-4 of EOSS.

A

Stage 3: Significant organ damage OR significant symptoms, limitations or imparment of well-being

Stage 4: Severe (potential end-stage) comorbidities OR severe psychological symptoms or limitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What constitutes clinically significant weight loss?
>5% of baseline body weight ## Footnote Reduces cardiovascular disease and T2D risk factors
26
Define success in weight loss.
Prevention (1 pound per year), losing weight, maintaining weight loss. ## Footnote All 3 require understanding of energy balance.
27
What factors contribute to achieving weight loss?
* Diet * Exercise * Medications * Surgery * A combination
28
Is it possible to maintain energy balance in a state of low energy flux?
Yes, but difficult. Satiety signal, stomach distension, preference for sweet or high fat foods, social factors. ## Footnote Low energy flux = Low EI/Low EE
29
What does the "Appropriate PA Intervention Strategies for Weight Loss" paper discuss?
...
30
What does the FITT principle in exercise stand for?
* Frequency * Intensity * Time * Type ## Footnote Total volume of PA determines EE.
31
How is volume determined in terms of PA?
Volume = frequency x time OR Volume = Energy Expenditure
32
How would increasing EE work for weight loss?
Effect on energy balance is proportional to increase in EE. Increase fat and CHO oxidation would be expected to have favorable health consequences ## Footnote Achievable amounts of exercise lead to small increases in EE But... adherence to changes in exercise/PA is poor and increasing EE could be linked to compensatory increases in EI.
33
What is the evidence supporting increasing EE for weight loss?
STRRIDE Trial: Changes in bodyweight seen after vigorous activity (either high or low amounts). Equivalent EE seen between both groups if adherence is the same.
34
What are the pros and cons of increasing exercise intensity for weight loss?
Pros * Same EE in less time * Greater improvements in fitness and other risk factors * Greater preservation of FFM * Decreased appetite after High Intensity exercise * Variety/More enjoyable for some people Cons * Less enjoyable * Less accessible * Greater risks/safety concerns * Less self efficacy (belief in ability to perform such activities)
35
What is the best exercise intensity for weight loss?
Low intensity exercise ie. Intensity that maximizes fat oxidation (Lipoxmax; Fat(ox)max; Fatmax) High intensity exercise ie. High intensity interval training (HIIT), EPOC Intensity that leads to highest energy expenditure
36
At what intensity is the greatest caloric expenditure, absolute and relative fat oxidation?
Absolute fat ox: ~65% Relative fat ox: 25% Caloric expenditure: 85%
37
What is the role of resistance training in weight loss?
Not very effective for weight loss alone but can contribute to change in body composition Effect on FFM is small, and during energy restriction it is even smaller. Effect on RMR is likely not meaningful
38
How does resistance training affect older populations?
30 frail adults, 70yrs, BMI 37 Six months of diet or diet + exercise Resistance training attenuated muscle mass during weight loss Critical to maintaining function?
39
What is the evidence supporting the effectiveness of high-intensity exercise for weight loss?
Greater improvements in fitness and other risk factors, preservation of FFM, and decreased appetite after high intensity exercise
40
Can resistance training prevent the decrease in FFM that comes with diet induced weight loss?
So far, only partially… BUT may be more important in certain populations… ## Footnote ie. Older populations
41
How does exercise play a role in individuals with class 2/3 obesity?
Can contribute to negative energy balance and improve health/ quality of life Improves response to bariatric surgery ## Footnote BUT... Fitness is often too low to achieve meaningful energy expenditure Too many co-morbidities that could be worsened by exercise (e.g., joint pain…) Time for exercise and fatigue from exercise could interfere with other activities
42
What is the impact of weight bias in healthcare settings?
It can reduce the quality of care for patients living with obesity and worsen outcomes
43
What are responders and non-responders?
Seen in case studies for exercise in populations with class 2/3 obesity. Some individuals respond to exercise, while others don't. This can be due to adherence, compensatory behaviours, or a miltitude of other factors.
44
What is the Edmonton Obesity Staging System used for?
To determine the severity of obesity and guide clinical decision making
45
What are some barriers to exercise for individuals with Class II/III obesity?
* Low fitness levels * Co-morbidities * Time constraints
46
Fill in the blank: The greatest absolute fat oxidation occurs at an intensity of approximately _____ of VO2max.
65%
47
What are non-responders in the context of exercise?
Individuals who do not show expected improvements or benefits from an exercise program ## Footnote This term refers to those who may not experience weight loss or fitness gains despite adherence to an exercise regimen.
48
What is adherence in exercise programs?
The degree to which individuals stick to their prescribed exercise routines ## Footnote Adherence can significantly impact the effectiveness of exercise interventions.
49
What are compensatory behaviours in relation to exercise?
Behaviours that may counteract the effects of exercise, such as increased caloric intake or decreased activity outside of prescribed exercise ## Footnote These behaviours can hinder weight loss and fitness improvements.
50
What factors should be considered for exercise in Class II/III obesity?
Access to facilities, equipment, adapted exercises, and changing facilities ## Footnote These factors play a critical role in ensuring that individuals can safely and effectively participate in exercise.
51
What is the recommended duration of aerobic physical activity for adults?
30-60 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity most days of the week ## Footnote This activity level is suggested for achieving various health benefits, including weight loss.
52
What are the benefits of aerobic physical activity for adults with overweight or obesity?
* Small amounts of body weight and fat loss * Reductions in abdominal visceral fat * Maintenance of weight loss * Increase in cardiorespiratory fitness * Improvement in mobility ## Footnote These benefits are supported by varying levels of evidence.
53
What role does resistance training play for adults with overweight or obesity?
It may promote weight maintenance or modest increases in muscle mass or fat-free mass and mobility ## Footnote Resistance training can complement aerobic exercise for overall health.
54
How can increasing exercise intensity affect fitness outcomes?
Greater increases in cardiorespiratory fitness and reduced time to achieve benefits compared to moderate-intensity aerobic activity ## Footnote High-intensity interval training can be more efficient.
55
What cardiometabolic risk factors can be improved through regular physical activity?
* Hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity * High blood pressure * Dyslipidemia ## Footnote Regular physical activity can lead to significant health improvements.
56
What psychological benefits can regular physical activity provide for adults with overweight or obesity?
Improvement in health-related quality of life, mood disorders, and body image ## Footnote These psychological aspects are important for overall well-being.
57
What are some advantages of physical activity beyond weight loss?
* Fitness * Quality of life/ Independence * Improvements in risk factors (glucose, BP) * Prevention of weight regain ## Footnote These advantages highlight the multifaceted benefits of regular exercise.
58
What is the significance of exercise capacity in relation to mortality risk?
It is the strongest predictor of death, with lower METS indicating higher risk ## Footnote 1 MET improvement is associated with a 12% improvement in survival.
59
What is the recommended amount of physical activity to maintain significant weight loss?
275 minutes per week, combined with a reduction in energy intake ## Footnote This combination is essential for sustaining weight loss of more than 10%.
60
What effect does 30-60 minutes of moderate to vigourous activity have on adults?
Achieve small amounts of body weight and fat loss, and reductions in abdominal visceral fat/ ectopic fat (in the absence of weight loss) Aid in weight maintenance after weight loss and the maintenance of fat-free mass during weight loss. Increase cardiorespiratory fitness
61
What is the relationship between exercise capacity and mortality in men referred for exercise testing?
Exercise capacity was the strongest predictor of death, with absolute fitness being a better predictor. Twice the risk of death in METS < 5, with 1 MET = 12% improval in survival

KIN 334 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions