Red Flags for Sensory and Visual Impairment Flashcards
What are red flags for special sensory impairment to olfaction?
- Anosmia, or loss of smell
- Inability to distinguish between scents
- Inability to identify spoiled foods by smell
What are red flags for special sensory impairment to vision?
- Complaints of blurry or fuzzy print
- Difficulty reading print
- Complaints of lighting issues
- Shifts page position
- Views out of the corner of the eye
- Difficulty reading signs
- Poor navigational skills
- Abbreviated scanning
- Bumps into objects
- Complaints of image and objects being darker on one side
What are red flags for special sensory impairment to gustation?
- Decreased or lost taste sensation on anterior tongue for sweet taste
- Decreased or lost taste sensation on posterior tongue for bitter taste
- Inability to identify spoiled food by taste
What are red flags for special sensory impairment to hearing, balance, and equilibrium?
- Decreased or absent hearing
- Missed pieces of conversation
- Decreased balance
- Decreased or impaired ambulation
- Increased falls
- Complaints of vertigo
What are red flags for primary somatosensory impairment to light touch?
- Difficulty with fine motor tasks
- Difficulty manipulating fasteners or coins
- Decreased awareness of body segment being touched
- Difficulty shaving or applying makeup
What are red flags for primary somatosensory impairment to pain?
- Burning or aching pain sensation
- Inability to concentrate secondary to pain
- Sleep difficulty secondary to pain
- Recurrent self-injury secondary to decreased sensation
- Avoidance of specific self-care tasks secondary to infliction of pain
What are red flags for primary somatosensory impairment to temperature?
- Recurrent burns
- Difficulty (or inability) distinguishing temperature changes on the skin surface
- Difficulty (or inability) responding to extreme temperature changes
What are red flags for primary somatosensory impairment to proprioception?
- Difficulty with purposeful movement
- Difficulty with object manipulation
- Noted or increased clumsiness during functional UE reach
- Poor fine motor control
- Poor gross motor control
- Difficulty with transitional movements
What are red flags for primary somatosensory impairment to tactile localization?
- Difficulty with object manipulation
- Awkwardness and clumsiness during movements
- Difficulty scratching an itch
What are red flags for primary somatosensory impairment to vibration?
- Difficulty or inability to detect vibration
What are red flags for cortical/secondary somatosensory impairment to 2-pt discrimination?
- Poor regulation of grip
- Difficulty writing
- Drops utensils during grooming and eating
What are red flags for cortical/secondary somatosensory impairment to astereognosis?
- Difficulty or inability identifying objects with vision occluded
- Difficulty or inability identifying objects in pant pocket
- Difficulty or inability identifying items in a grocery bag
- Difficulty or inability finding keys in handbag
What are red flags for cortical/secondary somatosensory impairment to ahylognosia?
- Difficulty using texture in ADL tasks
- Difficulty manipulating hook-and-loop fasteners
- Difficulty discriminating between clothing materials in a dark closet
What are red flags for cortical/secondary somatosensory impairment to amorphagnosia?
- Difficulty using shapes in ADL tasks
- Difficulty discriminating between coin sizes in pockets
- Difficulty selecting the correct-sized measuring cup in a meal preparation task
- Difficulty discriminating packets of sugar, salt, pepper, and artificial sweetener at a restaurant
- Difficulty discriminating self-care items for morning grooming
What are red flags for cortical/secondary somatosensory impairment to extinction of simultaneous stimulation?
- Difficulty with bimanual tasks
- Drops items when held in 2 hands
- Difficulty with bilateral coordination
- Difficulty manipulating a knife and fork
What are red flags for visual impairment to visual acuity: near?
- Complaints of blurry or fuzzy print
- Unable to read or difficulty reading
- Complains of print being too faint/small
- Complains of lighting issues
- Blinks excessively
- Rubs eyes
- Changes the focal length of the material
- Shifts page position
- Views out of corner of eye
- Has difficulty performing fine motor tasks such as buttoning a shirt or using scissors
What are red flags for visual impairment to visual acuity: far?
- Difficulty reading signs
- Difficulty identifying faces and objects
- Difficulty driving
- Squints or blinks excessively
- Adjusts reading material closer to eyes
What are red flags for visual impairment to binocular vision: diplopia?
- Complains of double visions in horizontal or vertical sight
- Complains of blurred or shadowed vision
- Complains of headache or eye strain or fatigue
- Has difficulty with depth perception
- Overshoots or undershoots during a reaching activity
- Shuts or squints 1 eye
- Repositions task or self
- Tilts head or positions it abnormally
- Complains of nausea
What are red flags for visual impairment to visual acuity: convergence insufficiency?
- Complains of losing place while reading or writing
- Has difficulty performing tasks up close
- Skips words or lines when reading
- Complains of intermittent diplopia or blurred vision
- Squints
- Complains of headache or eye strain or fatigue during reading
What are red flags for visual impairment to oculomotor ROM?
- Decrease in ocular ROM
- Displays slowness or unequal eye movements
- Complains of diplopia
- Complains of difficulty focusing
- Has disconjugate gaze
- Complains of headache or eye strain or fatigue
- Displays attentional deficits
- Deficits in depth perception
- Overshoots or undershoots
What are red flags for visual impairment to oculomotor pursuits, saccades, and fixation?
- Difficulty reading texts
- Skips words or lines
- Difficulty with page navigation
- Displays unnecessary head movements
- Difficulty coordinating visually guided movements
- Unable to fixate on object and sustain fixation
- Jerky eye movements during reading or tracking
- Complains of losing place during reading or visual searching task
- Complains of swirling print
- Decreases speed or increases time required when looking for objects
- Deficits in balance
What are red flags for visual impairment to accommodation?
- Blurred vision while grooming, buttoning, or shaving
- Blinks excessively
- Complains of swirling or moving print
- Difficulty reading or performing tasks up close
- Difficulty focusing
- Headache or eyestrain or fatigue
- Sensitivity to light
What are red flags for visual impairment to visual attention deficits?
- Indented or abbreviated visual scanning
- Decreased attention to both intra- and extrapersonal space
- Decreased attention to visual detail on affected side
- Skews body position
- Shows increased obstacle collision on affected side
- Grooms only on 1 side
- Dresses or undresses on only 1 side
- Reads only 1 side of food menu
- Impulsive behavior
- Rushes through task
- Shows disorganized visual scanning
- Reluctant to recheck work
- Wears eyeglasses incorrectly
What are red flags for visual impairment to visual field?
- Misreads literature
- Unable to read
- Absent or poor eye contact
- Difficulty judging distances
- Poor navigational skills or gets lost
- Complains of seeing only half an image
- Complains of images or objects darker on 1 side
- Abbreviated scanning
- Omits letters or words
- Scans in disorganized fashion
- Reluctant to change head position
- Increased muscle tone in the UE and LE secondary to postural insecurity
- Trails UE or cruises during ambulation
- Hesitant or unable to ambulate in crowded environments
- Difficulty identifying details of complex information
- Deficits in ADLs
- Drifts off line when writing
- Bumps into objects
- Holds head to 1 side
- Difficulty gathering and identifying objects for morning routine
- Difficulty with clothing selection in large closet
