Occupational Therapy Process Flashcards
OT Process
Six Major Components:
1) Theory (during chart review)
2) Evaluation
3) Problem definition (evaluation and problem definition happen with client)
4) Intervention planning
5) Intervention implementation
6) Re-evaluation (circle back to theory)
What is the purpose of an evaluation?
Systematically collect and organize data about occupational performance
Problem Definition
Synthesize data to formulate a profile of the client’s abilities/disabilities. Define problems to be targeted through OT interventions
Intervention Planning
Specific OT strategies for alleviating targeted problems proposed. Outcomes established to mark endpoints of therapy/effectiveness of tx
Intervention Implementation
Actions are initiated to achieve established outcomes
Re-evaluation
Re-collect evaluation data and compare to see if outcomes have been met. Take appropriate action…discontinue or continue with OT
Generic OT Process
- Neither condition or age specific
- Culturally sensitive
- Supports therapeutic reasoning regardless of occupational construct or theory
- Can be applied in any practice setting
- Becomes specific within the practice setting depending on the client condition, practitioner experience, and reason for OT
Dynamic and Cyclical OT Process
- Highly interactive components
- Movement between components
- Accomplished collaboratively between clients, advocates, and practitioners
- Problem focused
- Results oriented
- Foundation for therapeutic reasoning but not pathway or integration
What constitutes the foundation of OT concepts?
- Theory (guides thinking and planning)
- Frames of reference (mechanism that links theory to practice)
- Practice models
- Conceptual models
- Theoretical frameworks
What is the OT restorative approach?
- Examines foundational factors contributing to: client limitations, real disability, and strengths
- Goal is to improve, reestablish skills - synonymous with remediate procedures designed to actually improve or restore specific processes and reverse pathology
- Seeks to promote or enhance brain recovery and reorganization
- Improves and reestablishes neural connections and signals
- Helps reroute synapses
- A bottom up approach that targets a specific problem - ex: spastic arm; restore function back to arm as opposed to top down approach which would look at activity that client is having difficulty doing and discover why
What is a bottom up approach?
- Restorative approaches focus on specific foundation skills that will improve overall skills, and to then generalize to activities of daily living
- Traditional treatments involve drills and specific exercises
- The restorative approach was not originally occupation or function based
- Neurodevelopmental treatment is a comprehensive motor approach
- Constraint-induced therapy is a functional based intervention
- Quadraphonic integrates art and science. It is holistic because it attends to performance skills and engagement in occupation
- Cognitive rehabilitation (SLP may do a lot of this rehab if there is a multidisciplinary team)
What is an OT adaptive approach?
- Promotes adaptation of and to environment
- Training and implementation of procedures to compensate for or lessen the functional impact of deficits
- Facilitate function through compensation
- External or internal (situational)
- Increase time/effort spent on task
- Substitute different skill
- Develop new skill
- Modify client expectations
- Select alternative task/goal
What is a top down approach?
- Top down approach is synonymous with functional approach
- Goal is to alleviate a specific functional problem
- Information learned has practical value to client
- Give clients specific information and procedures to use independently
Ex: a hemi-walker helps someone ambulate when they were not able to before
What are examples of top down approaches?
Occupation Based Models
- Model of Human Occupation
- Occupational Adaptation
- Ecology of Human Performance
- Person-Environment-Occupation
- Dynamic Interaction Approach is an adaptive and restorative approach because it improves across a spectrum and addresses underlying conditions
- Functional/Occupational Based
What are some other factors that are part of the OT process?
- Client centered practice
- Client/support system education
- Client learning capacity
- Evidence-based practice
- Clinical/therapeutic reasoning
