Aphasia Flashcards
1
Q
What is aphasia?
A
- Impairment of language affecting production or comprehension of speech and ability to read or write
2
Q
What is expressive language?
A
- Using words
- Using sentences
- Expressing thoughts
- The use of words, sentences or gestures to convey meaning
3
Q
What is receptive language?
A
- Understanding directions
- Comprehension of words
- Comprehension of grammar
- Ability to understand words, sentences, and meanings
4
Q
What are the two components of communication?
A
- Language: expressive and receptive
- Speech
5
Q
What is speech?
A
- Vocalized form of communication
- Refers to the actual sounds of spoken language
- Uses phonemes combined into words
6
Q
What are some speech disorders?
A
- Apraxia
- Dysarthria
- Stuttering
- Articulation disorders
- Phonological disorders
7
Q
What is Broca’s aphasia?
A
- Expressive aphasia because area that is damaged is near the motor cortex
- Also known as non-fluent aphasia
8
Q
What is Wernicke’s aphasia?
A
- Receptive aphasia
- Also known as fluent aphasia because rhythm and rate of language is fluent but garbled
- Poor ability to understand
- More difficult to treat
- Most people with fluent aphasia do not have any physical deficits
9
Q
What are functions of the left hemisphere?
A
- Analytic thought
- Logic
- Language
- Science and math
10
Q
What are functions of the right hemisphere?
A
- Holistic thought
- Intuition
- Creativity
- Art and music
11
Q
What are the two types of CVA?
A
- Hemorrhage (sometimes there is rapid improvement in symptoms because blood is reabsorbed
- Ischemia:
1) Thrombosis
2) Embolism
12
Q
What happens during a hemorrhagic stroke?
A
- Rupture of weakened arterial walls
- Hematoma
- Increase in intracranial pressure
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Causes: hypertension, TBI
13
Q
What happens during a ischemic stroke?
A
- Edema
- Increase in intracranial pressure
- Neuron death
- Release of neurotoxins
- Causes: embolism, thrombosis
14
Q
How is aphasia classified?
A
- Language fluency: is the language smooth, forward flowing, and effortless?
- Language impairment in: production (expression), comprehension, naming, and repetition
- Modality: speaking, listening, writing, reading
- Anatomical regions of the brain affected
15
Q
What are characteristics of Broca’s aphasia?
A
- Non-fluent
- Poor repetition
- Good comprehension, usually
- Halting, effortful
- “Telegraphic” in nature
- Content words are present (e.g. nouns, verbs)
- Function words are omitted (e.g. articles, auxillaries
16
Q
What are characteristic of global aphasia?
A
- Non-fluent
- Poor comprehension
- Poor repetition
- More guarded prognosis
- A severe form of aphasia
- Inability to read or write
17
Q
What is transcortical motor aphasia?
A
- Non-fluent
- Good comprehension
- Good repetition
- Grammar can be normal
- Difficulty initiating and organizing responses
- Similar to Broca’s aphasia but individual is able to repeat
18
Q
What are characteristics of Wernicke’s Aphasia?
A
- Fluent
- Poor comprehension
- Poor repetition
- Not as common as Broca’s
- “Word jumble”
- Often there is no accompanying hemiparesis
19
Q
What are characteristics of transcortical sensory aphasia?
A
- Fluent
- Output may be meaningless or unintelligible
- Poor comprehension
- Intact repetition
- More rare
- Difficulty reading and writing
20
Q
What are characteristics of conduction aphasia?
A
- Fluent
- Good comprehension - written
- Poor repetition
- Quite rare
- Individuals are usually aware of their errors (unlike Wernicke’s)
21
Q
What are characteristics of anomic aphasia?
A
- Marked difficulty with word retrieval and naming
- Comprehension is usually very good
- Usually mild
- Good prognosis
- Can use strategies to compensate
22
Q
What are SLP therapeutic interventions for aphasia?
A
- SLPs provide a variety of language based interventions depending on the type of aphasia, residual skills, and any comorbid issues
- It is helpful to know the person’s prior level of function, occupation, educational level, and support network
- Therapy tends to be compensatory and restorative
23
Q
What factors affect recovery?
A
- Hemorrhagic vs Ischemic
- Lesion size
- Age
- Handedness
- Gender
- Motivation
- Depression
- Mono- vs bilingualism
24
Q
What is important to remember about clients with aphasia?
A
- Cognition and intelligence are usually not affected with a stroke
- Important to know if individual is bilingual
- Important to know individual’s personal goals
25
Remember acronym SLOW!
S - shorter sentences. Use short, simple sentences
L - less information at a time. Give one direction at a time
O - observe. Is your client understanding you? Do you need to use a gesture in addition to your words?
W - wait. Give client time to process and respond.
