Red eye

Question 1

Name two traumatic causes of red eye

Answer 1

Corneal abrasion /foreign body
Subconjunctival haemorrhage/conjunctival laceration
Chemical injury
Penetrating ocular trauma

Question 2

List three causes of non traumatic red eye

Answer 2

Conjunctivitis
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Keratitis (aka Corneal Ulcer)
Iritis (aka Uveitis)
Episcleritis,scleritis
Acute glaucoma
Cellulitis

Question 3

Name two investigations to examine the red eye

Answer 3

visual acuity- snellen chart
pin hole
slit lamp (microscope)
eye movements
pupils

Question 4

What is pinhole exam and why is it useful?

Answer 4

to discriminate between reduced visual acuity secondary to refractive error and the presence of pathology. When a patient’s visual acuity is not 20/20 despite the use of pinhole, further investigation to determine an underlying cause is warranted.

Question 5

Two differentials for painless red eye

Answer 5

conjunctivitis
episcleritis
subconjunctival haemorrhage

Question 6

Three differentials for painful red eye

Answer 6

glaucoma
anterior uveitis
corneal abrasion or ulceration
foreign body
trauma
chemical injury
scleritis

Question 7

Name two opthalmic emergencies

Answer 7

orbital cellulitis
retrobulbar haemorrhage
acute closed glaucoma

Question 8

List two causative organisms of orbital cellulitis

Answer 8

strep pneumoniae
staph aureus
h.influenzae
strep pyogenes

Question 9

In which population is ocular shingles seen?

Answer 9

elderly
immunocompromised

Question 10

What is the treatment for ocular shingles?

Answer 10

aciclovir

Question 11

does aciclovir treat the infection?

Answer 11

no, it helps with post-infective neuralgia= very painful

Question 12

What is the sign seen in the face with shingles infection?

Answer 12

hutchinson’s sign

Question 13

which nerve is involved with hutchinson’s sign?

Answer 13

nasociliary nerve- V1, innervates tip of nose therefore this distribution can be seen