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1 Ophthalmology > Age related macular degeneration > Flashcards

Age related macular degeneration Flashcards

1
Q

List three differentials for sudden onset visual loss

A

retinal detachment
Wet ARMD
Vascular- retinal vein or artery occlusion
optic neuritis
optic neuropathy

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2
Q

List three differentials for gradual onset vision loss

A

cataracts
glaucoma
diabetic neuropathy (most common)
dry ARMD

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3
Q

What is myopic?

A

short sighted

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4
Q

what is hypermetropic?

A

long sighted

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5
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness in over 50’s?

A

ARMD

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6
Q

What is a seminal feature of ARMD?

A

metamorphopsia= squiggly, distorted shapes

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7
Q

Aside from metamophopsia, what is another feature of ARMD?

A

gradual central blurring
difficulty reading

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8
Q

Does sudden deterioration occur in wet or dry disease?

A

wet

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9
Q

What are the risk factors for ARMD?

A

smoking
family history
AGE= biggest
female
caucasian or chinese
cardiovascular disease

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10
Q

What is the treatment for dry ARMD?

A

nothing

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11
Q

What is the treatment for wet ARMD?

A

intravitreal anti-VEGF injections

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12
Q

how does anti-VEGF work?

A

reduces vascular permeability
reduces fluid leakage
halts progression of neovascularisation

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13
Q

What is a key finding of ARMD during fundoscopy?

A

drusen

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14
Q

What are the layers of the macula?

A

bottom- choroid layer
Bruch’s membrane
Retinal pigment epithelium
Photoreceptors

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15
Q

What are the features of both dry and wet ARMD?

A

atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium
degeneration of photoreceptos

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16
Q

What is a typical presentation of ARMD?

A

gradual worsening of central visual field loss
reduced visual acuity
METAMORPHOPSIA

17
Q

What is a scotoma?

A

blind sport or partial loss of vision in an otherwise normal visual field

18
Q

List three aspects of examination/investigations for armd and state what you would find

A

snellen chart- reduced acuity
amsler grid test- distortion of stright lines
fundoscopy- drusen

+slit lamp exam
tomography

19
Q

What is the management of dry AMD given that there is no treatment

A

avoid smoking
control blood pressure
vitamin supplementation

1 Ophthalmology (17 decks)

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