Corneal pathology Flashcards
What is the innervation of the cornea
V1
What is the cornea?
clear window, tough physical barrier, strongest refractive power, avascular
What is the difference between a corneal ulcer and corneal abrasion?
abrasion involves disruption of the epithelium whilst ulcers has intact epithelium but involvement of the stroma
Why are corneal ulcers so difficult to treat?
avascular
What is the most common cause of corneal ulcer?
contact lens use
What is keratitis?
(also known as “corneal ulcer”) is an inflammation of the cornea
A dendritic structure is seen on slit lamp examination. What is the most likely causative organism?
HSV
List two risk factors for corneal ulcers
contact lens use
trauma
ocular surface disease
entropian
systemic disease
Name on systemic disease associated with corneal ulcers
RA
DM
List three features of corneal ulcers
pain
foreign body sensation
redness
photophobia
discharge
reduced vision
List two complications of corneal ulcers
corneal perforation (acute)
corneal scarring- reduction in vision (chronic)
What is the main investigation for corneal ulcers?
swabs
Treatment for dendritic ulcer?
aciclovir
Which organism associated with contact lens use or corneal trauma in rural or agricultural setting can causes corneal ulcers?
acanthamoeba
Name two bacterial infections that cause keratitis
pseudomonas
staph
Name one fungus that causes keratitis
candida
Name two investigations for dendritic corneal ulcer
slit lamp exam
swabs
fluorescein staining
Acute red eye, severe pain, waking them up at night. What is the likely cause?
scleritis
Name one disease that scleritis is associated with
RA
GPA- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
How to distinguish between episcleritis and scleritis?
scleritis is painful whilst episcleritis is painless
