Corneal pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the innervation of the cornea

A

V1

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2
Q

What is the cornea?

A

clear window, tough physical barrier, strongest refractive power, avascular

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3
Q

What is the difference between a corneal ulcer and corneal abrasion?

A

abrasion involves disruption of the epithelium whilst ulcers has intact epithelium but involvement of the stroma

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4
Q

Why are corneal ulcers so difficult to treat?

A

avascular

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5
Q

What is the most common cause of corneal ulcer?

A

contact lens use

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6
Q

What is keratitis?

A

(also known as “corneal ulcer”) is an inflammation of the cornea

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7
Q

A dendritic structure is seen on slit lamp examination. What is the most likely causative organism?

A

HSV

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8
Q

List two risk factors for corneal ulcers

A

contact lens use
trauma
ocular surface disease
entropian
systemic disease

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9
Q

Name on systemic disease associated with corneal ulcers

A

RA
DM

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10
Q

List three features of corneal ulcers

A

pain
foreign body sensation
redness
photophobia
discharge
reduced vision

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11
Q

List two complications of corneal ulcers

A

corneal perforation (acute)
corneal scarring- reduction in vision (chronic)

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12
Q

What is the main investigation for corneal ulcers?

A

swabs

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13
Q

Treatment for dendritic ulcer?

A

aciclovir

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14
Q

Which organism associated with contact lens use or corneal trauma in rural or agricultural setting can causes corneal ulcers?

A

acanthamoeba

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15
Q

Name two bacterial infections that cause keratitis

A

pseudomonas
staph

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16
Q

Name one fungus that causes keratitis

A

candida

17
Q

Name two investigations for dendritic corneal ulcer

A

slit lamp exam
swabs
fluorescein staining

18
Q

Acute red eye, severe pain, waking them up at night. What is the likely cause?

A

scleritis

19
Q

Name one disease that scleritis is associated with

A

RA
GPA- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

20
Q

How to distinguish between episcleritis and scleritis?

A

scleritis is painful whilst episcleritis is painless