Red Cell Membrane

Question 1

What is the Main function of Red Blood Cells?

Answer 1

To transport oxygen to tissues, and bind carbon dioxide from tissues to be brought to the lungs for excretion.

Question 2

CRUCIAL FOR RBC SURVIVAL AND FUNCTION:

Answer 2

Normal Chemical Composition
Hemoglobin structure and function
RBC metabolism

Question 3

It is a semipermeable lipid bilayer supported by a protein mesh-like cytoskeleton structure.

Answer 3

RBC MEMBRANE

Question 4

BEHAVES AS SEMISOLID, WITH ELASTIC AND VISCOUS PROPERTIES

Answer 4

RED BLOOD CELL MEMBRANE

Question 5

Important and critical for survival in the circulation for __________ days going through numerous cycles and passages through narrow veins and sinusoids in the spleen.

Answer 5

120

Question 6

The cell membrane consists of :

Answer 6

Proteins 52%
Lipids 40%
Carbohydrates 8%

Question 7

Form a meshwork that traverse the lipid bilayer, called membrane skeleton

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

PROTEINS
• Form a meshwork that traverse the lipid bilayer, called

Answer 8

Membrane skeleton

Question 9

What are the >60% of total membrane proteins

Answer 9

Spectrin
Glycophorin
Band 3

Question 10

Two types of Proteins

Answer 10

Integral Proteins
Peripheral Proteins

Question 11

This extend from the outer surface and span the entire membrane to the inner cytoplasmic side of the RBC

Answer 11

Integral proteins

Question 12

This are located and limited to the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane forming the RBC cytoskeleton

Answer 12

Peripheral Proteins

Question 13

What are in the Integral Proteins?

Answer 13

Glycophorin A, B, C
Anion

Question 14

What are in the Peripheral Proteins

Answer 14

Actin
Ankyrin
Spectrin
Band 4.1
Band 4.2
Band 6
Adducin

Question 15

Lipids composed of:

Answer 15

Phospholipids 50%
Cholesterol- 40%
Glycolipids- 10%

Question 16

This is a nonpolar tails towards inside of cell

Answer 16

Hydrophobic

Question 17

This is a polar, head groups towards outside (extracellular) or the inside (cytoplasmic) surface

Answer 17

Hydrophilic

Question 18

This contains electrically neutral glycolipids (sphingomyelin) and choline phospholipids (phosphatidyl choline)

Answer 18

Outer leaflet

Question 19

Other term for Neutral Glycolipids

Answer 19

Sphingomyelin

Question 20

Other term for Choline Phospholipids

Answer 20

Phosphatidyl Choline

Question 21

This is internal cytoplasmic layer predominantly contains phosphatidyl serine which is negatively charged.

Answer 21

Inner leaflet

Question 22

This forms the glycocalyx, serving as a negatively charged barrier (10 A thick), around the outside of the RBC membrane

Answer 22

Carbohydrates

Question 23

Transfer down phosphatidyl serine

Answer 23

Flippase

Question 24

Able to exchange phosphatidyl serine

Answer 24

Floppase

Question 25

Prevent RBC from sticking

Answer 25

Glycocalyx

Question 26

What is GPI

Answer 26

Glycosylphosphatidyl-Inositol

Question 27

Red cell must be easily deformed/change in shape →advantageous when these pass through small openings or channels, as in the spleen

Answer 27

Deformability

Question 28

CAUSES OF LOSS OF DEFORMABILITY/RIGIDITY OF CELL:

Answer 28

Loss of ATP
Increase deposition of calcium onto cells

Question 29

Important to prevent colloidal hemolysis and control the volume of RBC: favorable to active cation transport

Answer 29

Permeability

Question 30

RBC Membrane is Relatively impermeable to

Answer 30

Cations like Na and K

Question 31

RBC Membrane is permeable to

Answer 31

Water and Anions

Question 32

Extracellular ratio of Na and K

Answer 32

Na- 1:12
K- 25:1

Question 33

Normal size of the RBC

Answer 33

7.8 (6-8) nasearch q

Question 34

2 ATP generated; 90% ATP needed by RBC

Answer 34

Embden Meyerhof Parnas Pathway

Question 35

What are the other name of Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Answer 35

Hexose Monophosphate
Warburg Dickens Pathway
Phosphogluconate Pathway

Question 36

This metabolic pathway run parallel to glycolysis.

Answer 36

PENTOSE PHOSPHATE
PATHWAY/SHUNT

Question 37

In this PPP glucose-6-phosphate is directly oxidized without entering glycolysis, hence it is also known as

Answer 37

Direct Oxidation Pathway

Question 38

It involves the oxidation of Glucose-6-Phosphate to 6- Phosphogluconic acid which in turn is converted into pentose phosphates.

Answer 38

PPP

Question 39

It is a a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides (RNA and DNA).

Answer 39

Ribose 5 phosphate

Question 40

When the PPP is deficient functionally, the amount of reduced glutathione becomes insufficient to neutralize intracellular oxidants. This results in the denaturation and precipitation of globin as aggregates called?

Answer 40

Heinz Bodies

Question 41

What pathway that serves to maintain the iron (in the heme of hemoglobin) in the ferrous state (Fe2+) to be more functional

Answer 41

METHEMOGLOBIN REDUCTASE
PATHWAY

Question 42

In the absence of the enzyme (methemoglobin reductase and coenzyme NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) , there is the accumulation of

Answer 42

Methemoglobin or production of more Ferric Ions

Question 43

What pathway allows the production of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) within the red cells.

Answer 43

Luebering Rapaport Pathway

Question 44

Increased 2,3 DPG→

Answer 44

Easier release of O2

Question 45

Decreased 2,3 DPG→

Answer 45

Stronger affinity, less efficient release of O2 in the tissue