Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pelvis > Rectum and Anal Canal > Flashcards

Rectum and Anal Canal Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the rectum

A

12cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the rectosigmoid junction

A

S3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the anorectal junction

A

Pelvic Floor

At the Perineal flexure

At the point where the Puborectalis Muscle forms a U-shaped sling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is characteristic of the Perineal Flexure?

A

It annulates the anorectal junction

Annulates = marked with or formed of rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the anorectal ring

A

The anorectal ring is a muscular structure at the junction of the anal canal and the rectum.
It includes the puborectalis sling and upper portions of the internal and external sphincter

See pl. 372

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the rectal flexures

A

S shaped in coronal plane - when viewed posteriorly

Three curves:

  • Superior = lies to right
  • Middle= lies to left
  • Inferior = lies to right

Contains the Transverse Rectal Folds (Valves of Houston)

See pl. 371

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the Rectal Ampulla

A

In the region of the middle and lower curves

See pl. 346

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain the relationship of the Rectum with the Peritoneum

A

Upper third
-Anterior and lateral aspect are covered

Middle third
-Anterior aspect is covered

Lower third
-No peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are the pararectal fossae located

A

On the lateral sides of the upper third

See pl. 341

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What allows for distension of the rectum

A

Pararectal fossae

Rectovesical septum / Rectovaginal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the relations of the rectum:

A

Posterior:

  • Lower 3 sacral vertebrae
  • Coccyx
  • Anococcygeal Lig.
  • Sympathetic trunk nerves
  • Superior rectal vessels
  • Median sacral vessels

Anterior (male):

  • Base of bladder
  • Terminal ureters
  • Ductus deferens
  • Seminal vesicle
  • Prostate gland
  • Rectovesical pouch and Septum
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Ileum

Anterior (female):

  • Posterior fornix of vagina
  • Cervix
  • Rectouterine pouch
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Ileum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the blood supply of the rectum

A

Upper part:
-1x Superior rectal a. (from inf. mesenteric a.)

Middle and Inferior parts
-Middle rectal aa. (from int. iliac aa.)

Inferior parts and Anal Canal
-Inferior Rectal aa. (from int. pudendal a.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the venous drainage of the rectum

A

Superior rectal v. (inferior mesenteric v.)

Middle rectal v. (internal iliac v)

Inferior rectal v. (internal pudendal v.)

This is how a Portacaval anastomes happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the rectum

A

Pararectal LN – Superior Half

Internal iliac LN – Lower Half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the innervation of the rectum

A

PNS:
-S2-S4

Visceral afferents and motor function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the length of the Anal Canal

A

2.5 - 4cm

17
Q

What is the position of the Anal Canal

A

Descends between:

  • Perineal Body
  • Anococcygeal Lig
18
Q

Describe the position and structure of the Anal Sphincters

A

Puborectalis contributes to the Ext. Anal Sphincter.

Int. Anal Sphincter lies medial to the Ext. Anal Sphincter

19
Q

What are the features of the internal aspect of the Anal Canal

A

Anal columns occupy the upper half
Anal Valves (NB - not the same as valve of Houston)
Anal sinuses (filled with mucus)
Pectinate Line

See pl 371

20
Q

What is the histological structure of the internal aspect of the Anal Canal

A

Above pectinate line: Columnar Epithelium

Below pectinate line: Stratified Epithelium

21
Q

Where is the Internal Anal Sphincter located

A

At the upper two-thirds of the anal canal

22
Q

What are the effects of the autonomic stimulation of the Internal Anal Sphincter

A

PNS: Relaxation

23
Q

What is the position of the External Anal Sphincter

A

Surrounds the lower end of the anal canal

Lies in the perineum

24
Q

What are the three parts of the External Anal Sphincter

A

Subcutaneous:
-No bony attachment

Superficial:

  • Attaches from tip of Coccyx to Perineal Body
  • Has Anterio-posterior extensions

Deep:

  • Fuses with Puborectalis M.
  • Fuses with Superficial Transverse Perineal M.
  • Arises from Perineal Body
25
Q

What is the innervation of the External Anal Sphincter

A

Inferior Rectal Nerves (Pudendal N. – Perineal Br. of S4)

26
Q

What is the blood supply of the Anal Canal

A

Above Pectinate Line:
-Superior Rectal Artery

Below Pectinate Line:
-Inferior rectal Arteries

MIDDLE RECTAL ARTERY ANASTOMOSES WITH THE TWO

27
Q

What is the venous drainage of the Anal Canal

A

Superior Rectal Vein (To IMV)
Inferior Rectal Vein (To Int. Pudendal V.)

MIDDLE RECTAL VEIN ANASTOMOSES WITH THE TWO

This is a Portacaval anasomosis

See pl 377

28
Q

What is the innvervation of the Anal Canal

A

Above Pectinate Line:
-Inferior Hypogastric Plexus (autonomic)

Below Pectinate Line:
-Inferior rectal branches (from Pudendal N)

29
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the Anal Canal

A

Above Pectinate Line:
-Internal Iliac LN

Becow Pectinate Line
-Superficial Inguinal LN

30
Q

Describe the Ischiorectal (iscihoanal) fossae

A
  • Fat filled
  • Wedge-shaped
  • Recesses on either side of anal canal
  • Communicate with each other posteriorly over the Anococcygeal Ligament

See pl. 360 and 358

31
Q

What are the boundaries of the Ischiorectal fossae

A

Lateral:

  • Ischium
  • Obturator internus muscle and fascia

Medial:
-Anal canal (surrounded by External anal sphincter)

Anterior:

  • Base of urogenital diaphragm
  • Body of Pubis

Superior:
-Pelvic Diaphragm

Inferior:

  • Superficial perineal fascia
  • Skin

Posterior:

  • Sacrotuberous Ligament
  • Gluteus Maximus
32
Q

What are the contents of the Ischiorectal Fossae

A

ischiorectal pad of fat
Perineal br. of S4
Branches of S2 and S3

Pudendal Canal:

  • Internal pudendal vessels
  • Pudendal Nerve
33
Q

What are the clinical implications of the ischiorectal fossa

A

Can form an Ischiorectal Abscess if filled with pus

34
Q

What are the clincal implications of the Anal Canal

A

Internal Haemorrhoids - Not sore

External Haemorrhoids - Painful

35
Q

What are the clincal implications of the Rectum

A

Recal Prolapse (usually due to sexual insult)

Pelvis (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions