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USA History > reconstruction and the gilded age > Flashcards

reconstruction and the gilded age Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did reconstruction end?

A
  • military removed from the south
  • southern compromise
  • corruption and scandals
  • Grant damaged by economic depression
  • the republicans were divided (grant)
  • problems with the Indians (black hills 1876)
  • 1872 amnesty act
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2
Q

how many slaves were freed in 1860?

A

4 million

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3
Q

how many people were killed in the civil war?

A

700,000

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4
Q

Which case stated separate but equal was ok?

A

Plessy vs Ferguson

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5
Q

Where did blacks have the voting majority?

A

South Carolina and Missippi

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6
Q

How many black people were in the state government?

A

2 senates and 20 state representatives

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7
Q

What were examples of corruption with grant?

A
  • whiskey ring
  • Belknap scandal 1867
  • Gold scandal 1869
  • 1873 salary grab
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8
Q

What was the 1877 Southern compromise?

A
  • withdraws military from the south
  • reduces republican power in the south
  • stopped conflict between north and south
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9
Q

What was the amnesty act of 1872?

A

grant allowed some ex confederates to return to politics after being disqualified by previous laws

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10
Q

What was the tweed ring?

A

Tweed and his people looted at lead 45 million dollars from New York (poisoned local politics)

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11
Q

What was the number of immigrants in 1890?

A

10 million

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12
Q

Why was there an increase in population?

A

transport links and industrialisation

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13
Q

Where did blacks have the voting majority?

A

South Carolina and Mississippi

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14
Q

How many people did the silroad employ by 1900?

A

1 million

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15
Q

How much money was in the New York stock exchange?

A

6 billion

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16
Q

What was Carnegie’s fortune in 1890?

A

$480 million

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17
Q

Who was the worlds first billionaire?

A

Rockefeller

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18
Q

Where did black farmers move for better opportunities?

A

Kansas

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19
Q

What was the spoils system?

A

where people got political jobs based on their party loyalty (not on merit)

20
Q

What did Hayes do?

A
  • began reforming spoils system
  • appointed best known advocates for reform
  • congress fought his decisions
  • he forbade corruption, and sack people such as the stats who fought him
21
Q

What did Arthur do?

A
  • continued civil service reform
  • ended spoils system
  • signed first federal immigration law
  • signed Chinese exclusion act
  • lowered tariff rates (signed 1883 tariff act)
22
Q

What did Cleveland do?

A

muddy election, opponent was hated

  • supported the mugwumps
  • continued civil service reform
  • still the spoils system but he made it better
23
Q

What was the 1883 Pendleton civil service act?

A
  • said federal jobs are awarded on merit (competitive exams)

- Federal jobs became more specialised and skilful

24
Q

What was the 1877 railroad strike?

A
  • fought wage cuts

- got violent as Hayes sent troops to end the strike

25
Q

What was the 1882 Chinese exclusion act?

A

banned Chinese people from America and citizenship for 20 years

26
Q

How many people did the railroad employ by 1900?

A

1 million

27
Q

what was the 1867 Granger movement?

A

united farmers against the hostilities of the railroad companies

28
Q

what was the population in 1860 and 1880?

A

31.5 and 50 million

29
Q

Who was Carnegie?

A

-started as a poor immigrant
- got into railroads and used steel instead of iron
- monopolised steel prodycton
-

30
Q

Who was Rockefeller?

A
  • appealed by oil industry
  • bought oil refineries
  • expanded into iron, copper, coal
  • worlds first billionaire
31
Q

Who was Vanderbilt?

A
  • invested in railroad boom
  • richest man in America
  • expert with steam engines
  • brutal handling of strikes
  • conflict with rail barons
32
Q

How much rail track was laid by 1900?

A

over 200,000

33
Q

What caused the economic depression?

A
  • economic reversal in Europe

- poor US banking systems

34
Q

Who was Carnegie?

A
  • started as a poor immigrant
  • got into railroads and used steel instead of iron
  • monopolised steel production
35
Q

What are philanthropists?

A

wanted to help the less fortunate (universities, hospitals and libraries)

36
Q

What was steel used for in the west?

A
  • barbed wire
  • steel ploughs (sod busters)
  • steel rails
  • steel barrels on repeating rifles
37
Q

What was bad about agriculture in the west?

A
  • climate was harsh and prone to natural disasters
  • unproductive land
  • agriculture rices fell
  • farmers increasingly relied on loans
  • small farms were inefficient and the level of investment was low
38
Q

Why did agriculture develop?

A
  • immigration
  • railroads
  • steel
  • government
  • population growth
  • technology
  • natural resources
  • growing cities = bigger market
39
Q

when was Harrison president?

A

1889 - 1893

40
Q

what did Harrison do?

A
  • first time republicans controlled senate and congress in decades - pushed through republican agenda
  • Mckinley tariff act raised tariffs
  • Sherman anti trust and sliver purchase acts (unrepublican, trying to regain support after pork barrel politics)
41
Q

how was Harrison and his government seen as corrupt?

A
  • billion dollar congress where people got gov positions based on their donations
  • $1 billion spent on pork barrel politics like harbours and transport (huge profit)
  • lost house and senate and Cleveland returned in 1892
42
Q

what were the stalwarts?

A

faction of the republicans that believed in favour of traditional republicanism
like political machines and the spoils system
(originally led by grant)

43
Q

what were the half breeds?

A

more liberal republicans that were in favour of things like civil service reforms
(led by lames Blaine)

44
Q

how were the republicans divided?

A
  • traditional stalwarts (led by grant) vs liberal half breeds (led by Blaine)
  • divided over issues like civil service reforms
  • mugwumps who supported honest democrat Cleveland
45
Q

who were the half breeds?

A

more liberal republicans (originally led by Blaine against Grant)
- in favour of things like civil service reforms

  • gilded age presidents like Hayes, Arthur and Garfield

USA History (22 decks)

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