Reconstruction

Question 1

an official pardon to people who committed political offenses; former Confederates were granted this

Answer 1

amnesty

Question 2

Never implemented plan that would have granted amnesty to most Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters take a loyalty oath and ratify the 13th Amendment; proposed by Lincoln

Answer 2

Ten Percent Plan

Question 3

July 1864 bill; required an oath of allegiance by a majority of a state’s adult white male population, new state governments could not contain Confederates; pocket vetoed by Lincoln

Answer 3

Wade-Davis Bill

Question 4

Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War; denied ex-slaves the rights that whites had; punished vague crimes; attempted to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems

Answer 4

Black Codes

Question 5

Government organization created in March 1865 to help displaced blacks and other war refugees; provided direct payments to assist those in poverty; lasted until the early 1870s

Answer 5

Freedmen’s Bureau

Question 6

Legislation that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that blacks should have equal rights under the law.

Answer 6

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Question 7

Ratified in 1868; made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S. citizens; prohibited states from limiting rights of any national citizen; gave primacy to national citizenship

Answer 7

14th Amendment

Question 8

An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts under the command of a U.S. general; former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates.

Answer 8

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Question 9

Ratified in 1869; forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race, color, or “previous condition of servitude.”

Answer 9

15th Amendment

Question 10

Suffrage group that stressed the urgency of voting rights for African American men; remained loyal to the Republican party; led by Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell

Answer 10

American Women Suffrage Association

Question 11

Suffrage group that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf; focused exclusively on women’s rights; denigrated men of color; led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

Answer 11

National Woman Suffrage Association

Question 12

Supreme Court decision; ruled that suffrage rights were not dependant on the stipulations of the 14th Amendment; women are citizens; states can deny women the vote

Answer 12

Minor v. Happersett (1875)

Question 13

trial triggered by revelations that exposed unconventional sexual relationships among abolitionist leaders; discredited radical Reconstruction efforts by associating Republicans with sexual immorality; helped bring an end to Reconstruction

Answer 13

Beecher-Tilton scandal

Question 14

labor system by which impoverished southern farm workers, particularly blacks, split proceeds of crops with their landowners; trapped poor farmers and especially blacks, into long-term debt.

Answer 14

sharecropping

Question 15

southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries

Answer 15

convict leasing

Question 16

Law that required “full and equal” access to jury service, transportation, and public accommodations for all races

Answer 16

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Question 17

“laissez-faire”; the government does the least possible

Answer 17

classical liberalism

Question 18

A fake corporation created by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit; organizers attempted to bribe members of Congress

Answer 18

Credit Mobilier scandal

Question 19

1870; acts designed to protect freedmen’s rights under the 14th/15th Amendments; authorize federal prosecutions, military intervention and martial law to suppress terrorist activity; successfully shut down the KKK.

Answer 19

Enforcement Laws

Question 20

group of Supreme Court cases that undercut the power of the 14th Amendment to protect African American rights

Answer 20

Slaughter-House Cases

Question 21

Suprem Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875; rolled by key Reconstruction laws and paved the way for future segregation

Answer 21

Civil Rights Cases

Question 22

succeeded President Lincoln; opposed Congressional Reconstruction efforts led by Republicans; first President to be impeached

Answer 22

Andrew Johnson

Question 23

leading abolitionist pre-Civil War; leader of the Radical Republicans in the Senate during the Reconstruction era; championed civil rights efforts

Answer 23

Charles Sumner

Question 24

a passionate advocate of freedmen politics; leader of the Radical Republicans in the House of Representatives

Answer 24

Thaddeus Stevens

Question 25

the former U.S. general; voted President in 1868; supported congressional reconstruction efforts; second administration marred by corruption scandals

Answer 25

Ulysses S. Grant

Question 26

leading suffragette and the NWSA; focused primarily on women’s voting rights above all else

Answer 26

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Question 27

spiritualist; publisher of radical political periodicals; women’s rights advocate; controversial figure for her writings and relationships

Answer 27

Victoria Woodhull

Question 28

former slave who escaped South Carolina with a stolen ship; became a state legislator and later a congressman

Answer 28

Robert Smalls

Question 29

born a slave in Prince Edward County, Virginia; became a politician, represented Mississippi as a Republican in the United States Senate from 1875 to 1881; the first elected African-American senator to serve a full term.

Answer 29

Blanche K. Bruce

Question 30

military strategist of the Confederate army; respected calvary man; former slave owner; one of the original leaders of the Ku Klux Klan

Answer 30

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Question 31

viciously racist white supremacist organization that first arose in the South after the end of the Civil War. Its members opposed the dismantling of slavery and sought to keep African Americans in a permanent state of subjugation to whites.

Answer 31

Ku Klux Klan