1800-1824: Jeffersonian America

Question 1

land obtained from France in 1803 for $15 million; doubled the size of the United States;

Answer 1

Louisiana Purchase (definition)

Question 2

duo appointed by President Jefferson that led the Corps of Discovery up the Missouri River, across the Rocky Mountains, and to the Pacific Ocean.

Answer 2

Lewis and Clark

Question 3

the longest-serving chief justice (1801-1835) and fourth-longest serving justice in Supreme Court history, and is widely regarded as one of the most influential justices to ever sit on the Supreme Court; under him, the Supreme Court established the supremacy of the federal government.

Answer 3

John Marshall

Question 4

1803; established the principle of judicial review in the United States; considered the foundation of U.S. Constitutional law

Answer 4

Marbury v. Madison

Question 5

the idea that American courts have the power to strike down laws, statutes, and some government actions that violate the Constitution of the United States.

Answer 5

judicial review

Question 6

North African privateers that attacked European and American ships between the late 1700s and 1830; kidnapped sailors from foreign nations for ransom

Answer 6

Barbary Pirates (definition)

Question 7

Between 1784 and 1803, the United States paid ransom tributes to keep from being attacked; the threat of this group directly caused the creation of the U.S. Navy in 1794; President Jefferson halted payments and went to war with this group

Answer 7

Barbary Pirates (U.S. link)

Question 8

the taking of men into a military or naval force by compulsion, with or without notice; British naval forces practiced this on American vessels prior to 1812; direct cause for the War of 1812

Answer 8

impressment

Question 9

An incident that happened on June 22, 1807; the ______ was an unarmed American ship attacked and boarded by the ______; the most famous example of impressment, in which the British seized American sailors and forced them to serve on British ships.

Answer 9

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

Question 10

signed into law on December 22, 1807. The anticipated effect of this measure – economic hardship for the belligerent nations – was expected to chasten Great Britain and France, and force them to end their attacks of American shipping, respect U.S. neutrality, and cease the policy of impressment.

Answer 10

Embargo Act of 1807 (definition)

Question 11

affected Thomas Jefferson’s popularity by damaging it and increasing the Federalists’ popularity; was not very successful because the merchants did not have any money due to limited access to foreign countries.

Answer 11

Embargo Act of 1807 (effects)

Question 12

a term used in politics for someone favoring war in a debate over whether to go to war, or whether to continue or escalate an existing war; pushed the U.S. into war with Britain in 1812

Answer 12

War hawks

Question 13

various factions of the Jeffersonian Republican party during the First Party System, especially 1804-1812; a disparaging term that referred to cross-party coalitions of Federalists and moderate Republicans.

Answer 13

Quids

Question 14

the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Great Britain; ended any hope that Great Britain would regain old colonial lands

Answer 14

Treaty of Ghent

Question 15

a series of meetings in 1815 in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government’s increasing power.

Answer 15

Hartford Convention (definition)

Question 16

after news of Andrew Jackson’s victory in New Orleans swept over the Northeast, the Federalists are discredited, resulting in their elimination as a major national political force.

Answer 16

Hartford Convention (results)

Question 17

a United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823;

Answer 17

Monroe Doctrine

Question 18

a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812.

Answer 18

Era of Good Feelings

Question 19

an American statesman who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives, served as the seventh speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives and served as the ninth U.S. secretary of state; the “Great Compromiser”

Answer 19

Henry Clay

Question 20

a national economic plan put forth by Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky and the Whig party throughout the first half of the 19thcentury.

Answer 20

“American System” (definition)

Question 21

1. Pass high tariffs (taxes) on imports to protect American businesses and to increase revenues.
2. Re-establish a Bank of the United States (original charter had expired in 1811) in order to stabilize US currency and state banks.
3. Develop and support internal capital improvements, primarily consisting of designing and constructing roads and canals.

Answer 21

“American System” (components)

Question 22

the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States that turned into a general collapse of the economy that persisted through 1821; led to the transition of the nation from its colonial commercial status with Europe toward an independent economy.

Answer 22

Panic of 1819

Question 23

one of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power; held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8; the “Necessary and Proper” Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank.

Answer 23

McCulloch v. Maryland

Question 24

legislation that provided for the admission of Maine to the United States as a free state along with Missouri as a slave state;

Answer 24

Missouri Compromise (definition)

Question 25

maintained the balance of power between North and South in the United States Senate; eventually failed to ease the sectional tensions caused by slavery

Answer 25

Missouri Compromise (effects)

Question 26

a policy that lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports; reversed the Embargo Act of 1807

Answer 26

Nonintercourse Act (1809)

Question 27

became law in the United States in 1810; intended to motivate Great Britain and France to stop seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars.

Answer 27

Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)

Question 28

a Native American Shawnee warrior/chief, who became the primary leader of a large, multi-tribal confederacy in the early 19th century; formed an alliance with Great Britain in 1812;

Answer 28

Tecumseh

Question 29

fought on November 7, 1811, in Battle Ground, Indiana between American forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory and Indian forces led by Tecumseh

Answer 29

Battle of Tippecanoe (definition)

Question 30

a catalyst for the War of 1812; ended all Native Americans hopes of halting white expansion into the northwestern territories

Answer 30

Battle of Tippecanoe (effects)