1920s

Question 1

A term for anti-communist hysteria that swept the United States, first after World War I, and led to a series of government raids on alleged subversives and a suppression of civil liberties.

Answer 1

Red Scare

Question 2

A series of raids led by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer on radical organizations that peaked in January 1920, when federal agents arrested six thousand citizens and aliens and denied them access to legal counsel.

Answer 2

Palmer Raids

Question 3

The summer and fall of 1919, in which anti-black riots by white Americans in more than two dozen cities led to hundreds of deaths. The worst occurred in Chicago, in which 38 people were killed (23 blacks, 15 whites), 537 injured, and 1,000 black families made homeless.

Answer 3

Red Summer

Question 4

Strategy by American business in the 1920s to keep workplaces free of unions, which included refusing to negotiate with trade unions and requiring workers to sign contracts (known as “yellow dog” contracts) pledging not to join a union.

Answer 4

American Plan

Question 5

A system of labor relations that stressed management’s responsibility for employees’ well-being.

Answer 5

welfare capitalism

Question 6

Policy emphasizing the connection between America’s economic and political interests overseas; Businesses would gain from diplomatic efforts on its behalf, while the strengthened American economic presence overseas would give added leverage to American diplomacy.

Answer 6

dollar diplomacy

Question 7

Nickname for scandal in which Interior Secretary Albert Fall accepted $300,000 in bribes for leasing oil reserves on public land in Wyoming. It was part of a larger pattern of corruption that marred Warren G. Harding’s presidency.

Answer 7

Teapot Dome

Question 8

A young woman of the 1920s who defied conventional standards of conduct by wearing short skirts and makeup, freely spending the money she earned on the latest fashions, dancing to jazz, and flaunting her liberated lifestyle.

Answer 8

flapper

Question 9

The exercise of popular cultural influence abroad, as American radio and movies became popular around the world in the 1920s, transmitting American cultural ideals overseas.

Answer 9

soft power

Question 10

The first federally funded health-care legislation that provided federal funds for medical clinics, prenatal education programs, and visiting nurses.

Answer 10

Sheppard Towner Act

Question 11

The ban on the manufacture and sale of alcohol that went into effect in January 1920. Also called “prohibition,” this was repealed in 1933.

Answer 11

Eighteenth Amendment

Question 12

Officially the National Prohibition Act, passed by Congress in 1920 to enforce the provisions of the Eighteenth Amendment banning the sale of alcohol.

Answer 12

Volstead Act

Question 13

An organization formed during the Red Scare to protect free speech rights.

Answer 13

American Civil Liberties Union

Question 14

The 1925 trial of a biology teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, for violating his state’s ban on teaching evolution. The trial created a nationwide media frenzy and came to be seen as a showdown between urban and rural values.

Answer 14

Scopes Trial

Question 15

A 1924 law limiting annual immigration from each country to no more than 2 percent of that nationality’s percentage of the U.S. population as it had stood in 1890. The law severely limited immigration, especially from Southern and Eastern Europe.

Answer 15

National Origins Act

Question 16

A flourishing of African American artists, writers, intellectuals, and social leaders in the 1920s, centered in the neighborhoods of Harlem, New York City.

Answer 16

Harlem Renaissance

Question 17

A Harlem-based group, led by charismatic, Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey, that arose in the 1920s to mobilize African American workers and champion black separatism.

Answer 17

Universal Negro Improvement Association

Question 18

The idea that people of African descent, in all parts of the world, have a common heritage and destiny and should cooperate in political action; popular movement in the mid-1920s.

Answer 18

pan-Africanism

Question 19

Italian immigrant men, whose trial became a national phenomenon; an example of United States’ fear of far-left groups in the 1920s

Answer 19

Sacco and Vanzetti

Question 20

African-American researcher and writer; researched African cultural roots throughout the American South in the 1920s; wrote novels, including “Their Eyes Were Watching God”

Answer 20

Zora Neale Hurston