1783-1800: New Government

Question 1

the first national government of the United States; created by the Second Continental Congress in 1776; replaced by the Constitution in 1787.

Answer 1

Articles of Confederation

Question 2

weak central government; could not levy taxes; inability to deal with national problems (uprisings, rebellions, economics, etc.), could not pay national debts

Answer 2

Articles of Confederation (problems)

Question 3

unicameral congress (one chamber); no executive branch; no court system; 9 of 13 votes needed to pass laws; one vote per state

Answer 3

Articles of Confederation (structure)

Question 4

set up a system for surveying and selling land in the Northwest in plots of land; established land in each area for public schools

Answer 4

Land Ordinance of 1785

Question 5

system that was established for new states to enter the union; when a territory reached 60,000+ residents; banned slavery in the Northwest Territories

Answer 5

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Question 6

post-Revolution uprising of farmers in western Massachusetts;

Answer 6

Shay’s Rebellion

Question 7

demanded lower taxes; end foreclosures; end imprisonment for debts; end paper currency

Answer 7

Shay’s Rebellion (demands)

Question 8

proposal to create a bicameral legislature; states should be represented based on population; three branches of government; large states supported

Answer 8

Virginia Plan

Question 9

proposal that each state be represented equally, not on population; small states supported

Answer 9

New Jersey Plan

Question 10

agreement of large and small state proposals for the U.S. government’s organization; combined VA and NJ plans

Answer 10

Great Compromise

Question 11

large chamber of the U.S. Congress; based on population; start of all budget legislation; “junior” chamber

Answer 11

House of Representatives

Question 12

smaller chamber of the U.S. Congress; equal representation– two for each state; “senior chamber”

Answer 12

Senate

Question 13

allowed a state to count three-fifths of a state’s slave population in determining political representation in the House of Representatives.

Answer 13

3/5 Compromise

Question 14

early supporters of the Constitution and strong central government; Alexander Hamilton; John Adams

Answer 14

Federalists

Question 15

favored state governments having more power; advocated for a Bill of Rights; supported by lower classes

Answer 15

Anti-Federalists

Question 16

essays written to support the ratification of the Constitution; cited economic and political reasons

Answer 16

Federalist Papers

Question 17

first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution; all U.S. citizens are entitled to these free speech and criminal freedoms.

Answer 17

Bill of Rights

Question 18

created by Alexander Hamilton; absorbed all state’s debt from the Revolutionary War; helped the new U.S. government borrow from and loan money to other nations

Answer 18

National Bank

Question 19

any duty on manufactured goods which is levied at the moment of manufacture, rather than at sale; Washington’s administration used these on whiskey and other goods.

Answer 19

excise taxes

Question 20

far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies; 1789-1799; violent; divided American Federalists and Anti-Federalists

Answer 20

French Revolution

Question 21

a formal announcement issued by President Washington in 1793 that declared the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain; threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to any country at war.

Answer 21

Proclamation of Neutrality

Question 22

1794; agreement that lessened hostilities between the United States and Great Britain; established ten years of peaceful trade between the two nations; made the Federalists/Anti-Federalists more divided

Answer 22

Jay Treaty

Question 23

protest in the United States beginning in 1791 and ending in 1794 during the presidency of George Washington; based on excise taxes placed on whiskey; farmers and merchants in the western territories; first instance for the national government to display its authority

Answer 23

Whiskey Rebellion

Question 24

final statement from President Washington; called for neutrality approach to foreign policy; advocated for a disbanding of political parties; established a precedent for U.S. presidents to serve two terms.

Answer 24

Washington’s Farewell Address

Question 25

a diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats; resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War; caused outrage and a political firestorm among Americans

Answer 25

XYZ Affair

Question 26

four acts in 1798; made it harder for an immigrant to become a citizen; allowed the president to imprison and deport non-citizens who were deemed dangerous or who were from a hostile nation; criminalized making false statements that were critical of the federal government

Answer 26

Alien and Sedition Acts [definition]

Question 27

Federalists argued that the bills strengthened national security during the Quasi-War; Critics argued that they were primarily an attempt to suppress voters who disagreed with the Federalist party

Answer 27

Alien and Sedition Acts [opinions]

Question 28

John Adams and the Federalist party lost political power and much governmental power; the Democratic-Republicans gain control in the election of 1800.

Answer 28

Alien and Sedition Acts [results]

Question 29

political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799; took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional and a violation of free speech rights.

Answer 29

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Question 30

John Adams is defeated by Thomas Jefferson for the U.S. Presidency; nasty campaign; first “modern” campaign; signaled a peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another

Answer 30

“Revolution of 1800”