Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology (BIO)

Question 1

allows a DNA fragments from any source to be multiplied by either gene cloning or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer 1

recombinant DNA

Question 2

technique that can produce large amounts of a desired sequence

Answer 2

DNA cloning

Question 3

DNA cloning can be used to produce

Answer 3

DNA libraries

Question 4

enzymes that recognize specific double - stranded DNA sequences

are isolated from bacteria, which are their natural source

in bacteria, they act as part of a restriction and modification system that protects the bacteria from infection by DNA viruses

Can cut the vector of choice

Answer 4

Restriction Enzymes

Question 5

Libraries that are constructed by reverse - transcribing processed mRNA
Lacks noncoding regions, such as introns and only includes the genes that are expressed in the tissue form which the mRNA was isolated and for this reason, they are sometimes called expression libraries.

Answer 5

cDNA

Question 6

the joining of complementary base pair sequences
can be DNA - DNA recognition or DNA - RNA recognition
This technique uses two single stranded sequences and is a vital part of polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting

Answer 6

Hybridization

Question 7

automated process that can produce millions of copies of a DNA sequences without amplifying the DNA in bacteria.
Requires PRIMERS that are complementary to the DNA that flanks the region of interest, nucleotides (A,T,C and G) and DNA polymerase
Needs to be heated to cause the DNA double helix to melt apart (denature)

Answer 7

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Question 8

a technique used to separate macromolecules, such as DNA and proteins by size and charge

Answer 8

Gel Electrophoresis

Question 9

used to detect the presence and quantity of various DNA strands in a sample

DNA is cute by restriction enzymes and then separated by gel electrophoresis. The DNA fragments are then carefully transferred to a membrane, retaining their separation. The membrane is then probed with many copies of a single stranded DNA sequence. The probe will bid to its complimentary sequence and form double stranded DNA. Probes are labeled with radioisotopes or indicator proteins, both of which can be used to indicate the presence of a desired sequence.

Answer 9

Southern blotting

Question 10

basic rxn uses replication proteins in addition to deoxyribonucleotide

Answer 10

DNA Sequencing

Question 11

can be approached in a variety of ways. for example, removing the gene from a biological system and observing the effects, assessing the activity of a protein product, or comparing the sequence of an unknown gene to known genes

Answer 11

Gene Function

Question 12

ability to self-renew, can divide in a way that makes copies of themselves

ability to differentiate, giving rise to the mature types of cells that make up our organs and tissues

Answer 12

Stem Cells

Question 13

Application of DNA technology in Medicine?

Answer 13

Use of insulin, human growth hormone, vaccines

Question 14

1. Identification of human genes, whose mutations play a role in genetic disorders
2. Lead to ways to diagnose, treat, and even prevent such conditions
3. Human gene therapy: introduction of genes into an afflicted individual for therapeutic purposes

Answer 14

DNA technology applications/ advancements