Genetic Code (BIO)

Question 1

DNA -> RNA -> protein

Answer 1

Central Dogma

Question 2

resides in the nucleus. It codes information in genes.

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

Inside the nucleus, the DNA genes get transcribed into RNA (messenger RNAs or mRNAs).

Answer 3

Transcription

Question 4

The mRNAs get transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. mRNAs are working copies of the gene.

Answer 4

RNA

Question 5

ribosomes read off the mRNAs to make proteins.

Answer 5

Translation

Question 6

synthesized by ribosomes. They are the end product of what’s encoded in the genes and they perform all the functions in the cell.

Answer 6

Protein

Question 7

what are the 2 stages of protein synthesis?

Answer 7

Transcription and translation

Question 8

a series of 3 bases along a strand of DNA. There are 64 possible sequences of 3 bases in a row, so some amino acids have more than 1 ( ) for them

Answer 8

Triplet code

Question 9

The mRNA is a sequence of nucleotides, but it codes for a sequence of amino acids. To do this, every 3 nucleotide codes for an amino acid. These triplets of nucleotides are called ( ) A single mRNA contains many ( )

are continuous, non-overlapping and degenerate.

Answer 9

Codons

Question 10

the 3 bases on the “tip” of the tRNA. A single tRNA contains a single ( ) at the “tip” and the corresponding amino acid at the “tail”. ( ) are complementary to their corresponding codon.

Answer 10

Anti-codon

Question 11

During translation, codons pair with anticodons so that the correct amino acids can be linked to a given codon.

Answer 11

The codon-anticodon relationship

Question 12

The genetic code is ( ) because more than one codon can specify a single amino acid.

Answer 12

Degenerate

Question 13

is an evolutionary development designed to protect against mutations in the coding regions of our DNA.

Answer 13

Wobble

Question 14

mutated codon that results in a different amino acid.

Answer 14

Missense codon

Question 15

mutated codon that results in something other than an amino acid. For example, a stop codon.

Answer 15

Nonsense codon

Question 16

(AUG): signals the start of translation. Lies just downstream of the Shine Dalgarno sequence (Kozak sequence for eukaryotes).

Answer 16

Initiation Codon

Question 17

(UAG,UGA,UAA): signals the end of translation. Unlike other codons, tRNA are not involved. Instead a protein called “release factor” comes along and terminates translation.

Answer 17

Termination/Stop Codons

Question 18

messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

stands for messenger RNA. It’s the product of transcription and the template for translation.

carries the info specifying the amino acid sequence of the protein to the ribosome; transcribed from template DNA by RNA polymerase; only type of RNA that has info that is then translated into a protein

Answer 18

mRNA

Question 19

occurs when some number of nucleotides are added to or deleted from the mRNA sequence; usually more serious than point mutations

Answer 19

frameshift mutation