Nucleic Acid Structure & Function (BIO, BC)

Question 1

Organic compounds in living organisms that are responsible for passing on hereditary information

Answer 1

Nucleic Acid

Question 2

The Nucleic acid that is located primarily in the nucleus

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

The basic component of a DNA and RNA molecule.

Composed of a purine/pyrimidine nitrogenous base, a five carbon sugar, AND at least one phosphate group. They are monomers of DNA and RNA

Answer 3

Nucleotide

Question 4

Composed of a sugar plus a nitrogenous base connected by a glycosidic bond (NO PHOSPHATE GROUP)

Made up of one of the bases (A,G,C,T, or U)

Answer 4

Nucleoside

Question 5

is an important stuctural component of DNA. It consists of 5-carbon deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups. These sugars are linked together by a phosphodiester bond, between carbon 4 of their chain, and a CH2 group that is attached to a phosphate ion.

Answer 5

Sugar Phosphate Backbone

Question 6

Complete hydrolysis of nucleic acids liberates all of the following EXCEPT:

a. 2-deoxyribose from DNA.
b. nitrogenous bases.
c. amino acids.
d. phosphoric acid.
e. ribose from RNA.

Answer 6

Amino acids

Question 7

Which is a six-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring?

a. pyrimidine
b. purine
c. anose
d. sugar portion of DNA
e. ribonucleotide

Answer 7

Pyrimidine

Question 8

____ is the most oxidized state for a purine derivative and is ____ found in nucleic acids.

a. Guanine; always
b. Adenine; always
c. Hypoxanthine; never
d. Xanthine; always
e. Uric acid; never

Answer 8

Uric acid, never

Question 9

All are characteristics of pyrimidines EXCEPT:

a. six membered ring.
b. heterocyclic.
c. conjugated.
d. fused five membered rings.
e. two nitrogens separated by a carbonyl.

Answer 9

fused five membered rings.

Question 10

Nucleotides have a nitrogenous base linked to a sugar by a:

α-anhydride bond.
β -ester bond.
α-N-amide bond.
β -N-acetal (glycosidic) bond.
α-N-hemiacetal bond.

Answer 10

β -N-acetal (glycosidic) bond.

Question 11

cAMP and cGMP are ____ with phosphate esterified as a cyclic ____ and are important as ____ of cellular metabolism.

Answer 11

nucleotides; phosphodiesters, regulators

Question 12

Which molecule contains an acid anhydride bond?

a. DNA
b. ATP
c. UMP
d. RNA
e. cAMP

Answer 12

ATP

Question 13

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)

“PURe As Gold”
contain 2 rings in structure

Answer 13

Purines

Question 14

Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Uracil (U)

contains 1 ring in structure
Cut The Pye

Answer 14

Pyrimidines

Question 15

Nitrogenous bases in DNA

Answer 15

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

Question 16

Nitrogenous bases in RNA

Answer 16

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

in RNA uracil substitues for thymine

Question 17

What type of bond attaches a base to the sugar residue?

Answer 17

Glycosidic Bond

Question 18

What provides energy needed for the synthesis of nucleic acids?

Answer 18

High energy acid anhydride bonds

Question 19

What type of bond joins individual nucleotides?

Answer 19

Phosphodiester bond

Question 20

antiparallel regarding 5’-3’ direction

paired G-C and A-T

Answer 20

DNA strand

Question 21

Because of the complementary nature of base pairing, DNA can transmit genetic information through replication.

Answer 21

Function in transmission of genetic information