recognizing psychpathology (mental health + ND disorders) Flashcards
Absence of pathophysiology
Alleviation of gross pathologic signs and symptoms of illness
Mental health as normal
Models of Mental Health
Above normal
Maturity
Positive psychology
Socioemotional intelligence
Subjective well being
Resilience
Reasonable, rather than an optimal, state of functioning
Mental state that is objectively desirable
Freud - capacity to work and to love
Mental health as ABOVE NORMAL
Healthy adult development
Adult mental health reflects a continuing process of maturational unfolding
Erikson’s model
Mental Health as MATURITY
sustained separation from social, residential, economic and ideological dependence on family of origin
Identity
permits person to become reciprocally, not selfishly, involved with a partner
Intimacy
mastered together with or that follows the mastery of intimacy
Find a career as valuable as play when they were kids
Contentment, compensation, competence and commitment
Career consolidation
clear capacity to care for and guide the next generation; good
becoming mentors
Generativity
achieving some sense of peace and unity with respect both to one’s life and to the world (our grandparents)
Integrity
Hope
Joy
Love
Faith
Compassion
Forgiveness
Awe
Gratitude
Mental health as POSITIVE OR SPIRITUAL EMOTIONS
eq
Skill in negotiating close relationship with others
Mental Health as SOCIOEMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
subjective with you
a happy person is satisfied
Mental Health as SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING
- Consciously seeking social support
- Conscious cognitive strategies
- Adaptive involuntary coping mechanisms = defense mechanisms
Mental Health as RESILIENCE
Healthy and adaptive
Socially adaptive and useful in integration of personal needs and motives, social demands and interpersonal relations
Underlie seemingly admirable and virtuous patterns of behavior
Mature defense mechanisms
five mature defense mechanisms
humor, altruism, sublimation. suppression, anticipation
permits the discharge of emotion without individual discomfort and without unpleasant effects on others
Humor
individual getting pleasure from giving to others what the individual would have liked to receive
Altruism
gratification of an impulse whose goal is retained but whose aim or object is changed from a social objectionable one to a socially valued one; feelings are acknowledged, modified and directed toward a relatively significant person or goal so that modest instinctual satisfaction results
Sublimation
defense that modulates emotional conflict or internal/external stressors through stoicism; minimizes and postpones but does not ignore gratification; “no”
Suppression
capacity to keep affective response to an unbearable future event in mind in manageable doses
Anticipation
Group of conditions with onset in developmental period
Manifest early in development, before child enters grade school
Characterized by developmental deficits that impair personal, social, academic or occupational functioning
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Mental retardation; Also called Intellectual developmental disorder
Characterized by deficits in general mental abilities, such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning and learning from experience
Intellectual Disability
diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability
deficits in intellectual functions
deficits in adaptive functioning
onset during developmental period
onset of intellectual disability
developmental period
severe intellectual disability
first 2 years of life with delayed motor, language and social milestones
mild intellectual disability
may not be identifiable until school age
causes of intellectual disability
genetic, acquired (thru trauma, meningitis or encephalitis)
This diagnosis is reserved for individuals under the age of 5 years when the clinical severity level cannot be reliably assessed during early childhood.
global developmental delay
onset of gdd
under age of 5
language and speech sound disorder
social pragmatic communication disorder
stuttering
communication disorder
Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities,
Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period
Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
age where ASD symptoms typically recognized
at 12-24 months of age but may be seen earlier if severe or later if subtle
greater intellectual disability and lower verbal ability
epilepsy
Advanced parental age, low birth weight, fetal exposure to valproic acid
environmental risk of ASD
Heritability - 37-90%
genetic and physiological risk of ASD
Impairing levels of inattention, disorganization, and / or hyperactivity ~ impulsivity
Inability to stay on task, seeming to not listen, and losing materials, at levels that are inconsistent with age or development
Overactivity, fidgeting, inability to stay seated, intrusive to other people’s activity, inability to way that are excessive for age or developmental level
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Characteristics of ADHD
Inattention, Hyperactivity and Impulsivity
Symptoms onset of ADHD
at least 6 mos, prior to age 12
Predispose but not specific- reduced behavioral inhibition, effortful control or restrain, negative emotionality, elevated novelty seeking
Temperamental risk factor of ADHD
Birth weight <1500 g – 2-3x increased risk but most do not develop ADHD
Smoking during pregnancy
Child abuse, neglect, multiple foster placement, neurotoxin (lead) exposure, infections or alcohol exposure in utero
Environmental risk of ADHD
Elevated in first-degree biological relatives
Genetic and physiological risk factor of ADHD
Deficits in acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills
Clumsiness and slowness or inaccuracy of performance of motor skills that cause interference with ADLs
Developmental coordination disorder
repetitive , seemingly drive, and apparently purposeless motor behaviors such as hand flapping, body rocking, head banging, self biting or hitting
Interfere with social, academic and other activities
Stereotypic movement disorder
Tourette’s disorder, persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder, provisional tic disorder, other specific tic disorder to unspecified tic disorder
Tic disorder
sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotype motor movements or vocalizations
Tics
Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics have been present at some time during illness, although not necessarily concurrently
Tourette’s Disorder
Onset of Tourette’s
Tics persisted for more than 1 year, before age of 18 years (4-6 yrs old)
Single or multiple motor or vocal tics have been present during the illness, but not both motor and vocal
did not meet criteria for tourette’s
Persistent (Chronic) Motor of Vocal Tic Disorder
Onset of Persistent (Chronic) Motor of Vocal Tic Disorder
Tics persisted for more than 1 year, before age of 18 years (4-6 yrs old)
Prevalence of tic disorders
Common in childhood but transient in most cases
M > F
peak severity of tic disorders
10-12 y/o then decline during adolescence
