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psych 2nd shift > psychosocial theories for working with various clients > Flashcards

psychosocial theories for working with various clients Flashcards

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1
Q

consistent behavior patterns and intrapersonal processes within the individual; affect ABCs

came from a latin word ‘persona’ which means ‘mask’ or public self

A

personality

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2
Q

considered to be something that is part of a individual’s personality

long term characteristic of an individual that shows through their behavior, actions, or feelings

A

trait

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3
Q

temporary condition that they are experiencing for a short period of time

A

state

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4
Q

components of a personality theory

A

personality structure, motivation, personality development, psychological health, psychopathology, personality change

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5
Q

the “what” of personality theory

A

personality structure

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6
Q

the “why” of personality theory

A

motivation

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7
Q

the “how and when” of personality theory

A

personality development

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8
Q

the “who is healthy/normal” of personality theory

A

psychological health

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9
Q

the “who is not healthy/normal” of personality theory

A

psychopathology

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10
Q

“how can someone not healthy be healthy?” of personality theory

A

personality change

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11
Q

all human behavior is caused and can be explained

A

deterministic theory

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12
Q

freud believe that adult personality problems were the result of early experiences in life

has five stages; each stage we experience pleasure in one part of the body than in others

A

psychosexual development

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13
Q

psychosexual stages

A

oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital

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14
Q

basic impulses; seek immediate gratification; irrational and impulsive;

operates unconscious level

A

id

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15
Q

ideals and morals; striving to perfection; incorporated from parents; becoming a person’s conscience

operates mainly in preconscious level

A

superego

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16
Q

executive mediating between id impulses and superego inhibitions; testing reality; rational

operates mainly at conscious level but also in preconscious

A

ego

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17
Q

pleasure seeking person dominated by

A

id

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18
Q

a guilt ridden or inferior feeling person dominated by

A

superego

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18
Q

all pleasurable activity is traceable to this drive;

A

libido or sex drive

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19
Q

two types of drive

A

-libido or sex drive
-thanatos or aggression/destructive drive

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19
Q

psychological healthy person dominated by

A

ego

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20
Q

forms of sex drive

A

narcissism (primary and secondary), love, sadism, masochism

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21
Q

aggression is flexible and can take a number of forms, such as teasing, gossip, humiliation, humor, and the enjoyment of other ppl’s suffering

A

thanatos or aggression/destructive drive

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22
Q

types of anxiety

A

neurotic anxiety, moral anxiety, realistic anxiety

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23
Q

fear that id will overpower ego

A

neurotic anxiety

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24
Q

fear of actions or thoughts contrary to superego; may result from the failure to behave consistently with what they regard as morally right

A

moral anxiety

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25
Q

defined as unpleasant, nonspecific feeling, involving possible danger

A

realistic anxiety

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26
Q

these are automatic psychological processes that protect the individual against anxiety and from the awareness of internal and external dangers or stressors; individuals are unaware of these processes as they operate

A

defense mechanisms

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27
Q

levels of defense mechanisms

A

high adaptive level, mental inhibition level, minor image-distorting level, disavowal level, major image-distorting level, action level, defensive dysregulation

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28
Q

high adaptive level

A

anticipation, affiliation, altruism, humor, self-assertion, self-observation, sublimation, suppression

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29
Q

mental inhibition level

A

displacement dissociation, intellectualization, isolation of affect, reaction formation, repression, undoing

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30
Q

minor image-distorting level

A

devaluation, idealization omnipotence

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31
Q

disavowal level

A

denial, projection, rationalization

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32
Q

action level

A

acting out, apathetic, withdrawal, help-rejecting complaining, passive aggression

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33
Q

defensive dysregulation

A

delusional projection, psychotic denial, psychotic delusion

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34
Q

stages of erikson’s psychosocial development

A

infancy, early childhood/toddler, preschool, school age, adolescence, young adult, middle adult, maturity

35
Q

trust vs mistrust

A

infancy

36
Q

autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

early childhood/toddler

37
Q

initiative vs guilt

A

preschool

38
Q

industry vs inferiority

A

school age

39
Q

identity vs role confusion

A

adolescence

40
Q

intimacy vs isolation

A

young adult

41
Q

generativity vs stagnation

A

middle adult

42
Q

ego integrity vs despair

A

maturity

43
Q

human intelligence progresses through a series of stages based on age; biologic changes and maturation were responsible for cognitive development

A

piaget’s cognitive development theory

44
Q

stages of piaget’s cognitive development theory

A

sensori-motor stage, pre-operational stage, concrete operations, formal operations

45
Q

0-2 years, intelligence in action; child interacts with environment by manipulating objects

A

sensori-motor stage

46
Q

2-4 and 4-7 years; thinking dominated by perception, but child becomes more and more capable of symbolic functioning; language development occurs, child still unduly influenced by own perception of environment

A

pre-operational stage

preconceptual (2-4), intuitive (4-7)

47
Q

7-11/12 years; logical reasoning can only be applied to objects that are real or can be seen

A

concrete operations stage

48
Q

11/12 upwards, individual can think logically about potential events or abstract ideas

A

formal operations stage

49
Q

theory that focuses on how children develop morality and moral reasoning

A

kohlberg’s moral development theory

50
Q

levels of kohlberg’s moral development

A

level one preconventional (younger than six)
level two conventional (7-11 yrs)
level three postconventional (11 yrs above)

51
Q

steps of level one preconventional

A

step 1: punishment and obedience orientation
step 2: obey rules to avoid punishment

52
Q

steps of level two conventional

A

step 3: good boy/girl morality. conforms to avoid disapproval or dislike by others

step 4: conforms to avoid censure by authorities

53
Q

steps of level three postconventional

A

step 5: conforms to maintain communities, emphasis on individual rights
step 6: individual principles of conscience

54
Q

primary caregivers who are available and responsive to an infant’s needs, allows the child to develop sense of security

A

attachment theory

55
Q

essence of attachment

A

proximity

56
Q

stages of attachment

A

pre-attachment, indiscriminate, discriminate, multiple

57
Q

birth to 6 weeks, baby shows no particular attachment to specific caregiver

A

pre-attachment stage

58
Q

6 weeks to 7 mos, infant begins to show preference for primary and secondary caregivers

A

indiscriminate stage

59
Q

7+ months, infant shows strong attachment to one specific caregiver

A

discriminate stage

60
Q

10+ months, growing bond with other caregivers

A

multiple stage

61
Q

patterns of attachments

A

secure attachment, ambivalent attachment. avoidant attachment, disordered attachment

62
Q

observable behaviors and what once can do externally to bring about behavior changes; behaviorist believe that behavior can be changed through a system of rewards and punishments

A

behaviorism

63
Q

three major types of behavioral learning

A

classical conditioning, operant conditioning, observational conditioning

64
Q

a neutral stimulus is associated w a natural response

A

classical conditioning

65
Q

response is increased or decreased d/t reinforcement or punishment

A

operant conditioning

66
Q

learning occurs through observation and imitation of others

A

observational conditioning

67
Q

process of classical conditioning

A

generalizations, discrimination, extinction, spontaneous recovery

68
Q

conditioned response is transferred from one stimulus to another

A

generalization process

69
Q

recognizing and responding to differences between similar stimuli

A

discrimination process

70
Q

conditioned response gradually weakens and disappears when the conditioned stimulus is constantly repeated without the unconditioned stimulus

A

extinction process

71
Q

responding after a prolonged rest period after extinction

A

spontaneous recovery process

72
Q

reinforcement schedules

A

continuous and partial reinforcement

73
Q

desired behavior is reinforced every time it occurs

most effective when teaching a new behavior

creates a strong association between behavior and response

A

continuous reinforcement

74
Q

most effective when behavior is established

new behavior is less likely to disappear

various partial reinforcement schedules available to suit individual needs

A

partial reinforcement

75
Q

(theory)

people can learn through observation, mental stages are important to learning, learning does not necessarily lead to behavior change

A

social learning theory/observational modeling

76
Q

a significant shift away from the psychoanalytic view of the individual

A

humanistic theories

77
Q

focuses on a person’s positive qualities, his/her capacity to change (human potential), and the promotion of self-esteem

A

humanism

78
Q

basic needs (maslow’s hierarchy of needs)

A

physiological needs, safety needs

79
Q

psychological needs (maslow’s hierarchy of needs)

A

social needs, self esteem needs

80
Q

self fulfillment needs (maslow’s hierarchy of needs)

A

self actualization

81
Q

deficiency needs (maslow’s hierarchy of needs)

A

physiological needs to self esteem needs

82
Q

growth needs (maslow’s hierarchy of needs)

A

self actualization

83
Q

basic human needs are need for self actualization and need for positive regard

A

person-centered theory

84
Q

response and result of need for self actualizations

A

unconditional positive regard; self actualization

85
Q

response and result of need for positive regard

A

conditional positive regard; self discrepancies

86
Q

an unconscious error or oversight in writing, speech, or action that is held to be caused by unacceptable impulses breaking through the ego’s defenses and exposing the individual’s true wishes or feelings

A

freudian slip

psych 2nd shift (9 decks)

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