bipolar and related disorders + depressive disorders

Question 1

A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary)

Answer 1

Manic episode

Question 2

The mood disturbance is sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others, or there are psychotic features

Answer 2

Manic episode

Question 3

Onset of manic episode

Answer 3

lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day

Question 4

A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day

Answer 4

Hypomanic episode

Question 5

The episode is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization.

Answer 5

hypomanic episode

Question 6

onset of hypomanic episode

Answer 6

lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day

Question 7

Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning: at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure

Answer 7

Major depressive episode

Question 8

onset of major depressive episode

Answer 8

2 week period

Question 9

Criteria have been met for at least one manic episode

Answer 9

Bipolar I

Question 10

Onset of Bipolar I

Answer 10

Throughout life

Question 11

Criteria have been met for at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode

There has never been a manic episode

Answer 11

Bipolar II

Question 12

Onset of Bipolar II

Answer 12

mid 20s, starts with MDD

Question 13

Chronic, fluctuating, mood disturbance involving numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms that are distinct from each other

Answer 13

Cyclothymic Disorder

Question 14

Onset of Cyclothymic Disorder

Answer 14

For at least 2 years (at least 1 year in children and adolescents)

Question 15

Depressive Disorders

Answer 15

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD)
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 16

Children with persistent irritability and frequent episodes of extreme behavioral dyscontrol

Severe recurrent temper outburst manifested verbally and/or behaviorally that is out of proportion in intensity or duration to the situation

Persistently irritable or angry most of the day, nearly everyday

Answer 16

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Question 17

onset of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Answer 17

10 years old, symptoms occur for at least 12 mos

Question 18

Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, as indicated by either subjective account or observation by others, for at least 2 years.

Answer 18

Persistent depressive disorder (Dysthymia)

Question 19

On set of dysthymia

Answer 19

at least 2 years

During the 2-year period (1 year for children or adolescents) of the disturbance, the individual has never been without the symptoms

Question 20

Neurotransmitters

Answer 20

Serotonin - decreased in depression; SSRI
Norepinephrine - decreased in depression; SNRI
Dopamine - decreased in depression; increased in mania

Question 21

aware of discrepancy between extraordinarily high and inability to meet goals

Answer 21

Edward Bibring (Psychodynamic factors in depression)

Question 22

many depressed people have lived their lives for someone else rather (principle ideal, institution) than for themselves. Depression sets in when patients realize that the person or ideal for which they have been living is never going to respond in a manner that will meet their expectations

Answer 22

Silvano Arieti (Psychodynamic factors in depression

Question 23

developing self has specific needs that must be met by parents to give the child a positive sense of self-esteem and self-cohesion. When others do not meet these needs, there is a massive loss of self-esteem that presents as depression.

Answer 23

Heinz Kohut’s (Psychodynamic factors in depression)

Question 24

damaged early attachments and traumatic separation in childhood predisposed to depression. Adult losses are said to revive the traumatic childhood loss and so precipitate adult depressive disorders.

Answer 24

John Bowlby (Psychodynamic factors in depression)

Question 25

Defense against underlying depression

May also result from a tyrannical superego, which cannot tolerate self-criticism

Ego is overwhelmed by pleasurable or feared impulses

Answer 25

Psychodynamic factors in Mania

Question 26

Depression results from specific cognitive distortions present in susceptible person

Answer 26

Cognitive theory