bipolar and related disorders + depressive disorders Flashcards
A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary)
Manic episode
The mood disturbance is sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others, or there are psychotic features
Manic episode
Onset of manic episode
lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day
A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day
Hypomanic episode
The episode is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization.
hypomanic episode
onset of hypomanic episode
lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day
Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning: at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure
Major depressive episode
onset of major depressive episode
2 week period
Criteria have been met for at least one manic episode
Bipolar I
Onset of Bipolar I
Throughout life
Criteria have been met for at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode
There has never been a manic episode
Bipolar II
Onset of Bipolar II
mid 20s, starts with MDD
Chronic, fluctuating, mood disturbance involving numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms that are distinct from each other
Cyclothymic Disorder
Onset of Cyclothymic Disorder
For at least 2 years (at least 1 year in children and adolescents)
Depressive Disorders
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD)
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Children with persistent irritability and frequent episodes of extreme behavioral dyscontrol
Severe recurrent temper outburst manifested verbally and/or behaviorally that is out of proportion in intensity or duration to the situation
Persistently irritable or angry most of the day, nearly everyday
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
onset of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
10 years old, symptoms occur for at least 12 mos
Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, as indicated by either subjective account or observation by others, for at least 2 years.
Persistent depressive disorder (Dysthymia)
On set of dysthymia
at least 2 years
During the 2-year period (1 year for children or adolescents) of the disturbance, the individual has never been without the symptoms
Neurotransmitters
Serotonin - decreased in depression; SSRI
Norepinephrine - decreased in depression; SNRI
Dopamine - decreased in depression; increased in mania
aware of discrepancy between extraordinarily high and inability to meet goals
Edward Bibring (Psychodynamic factors in depression)
many depressed people have lived their lives for someone else rather (principle ideal, institution) than for themselves. Depression sets in when patients realize that the person or ideal for which they have been living is never going to respond in a manner that will meet their expectations
Silvano Arieti (Psychodynamic factors in depression
developing self has specific needs that must be met by parents to give the child a positive sense of self-esteem and self-cohesion. When others do not meet these needs, there is a massive loss of self-esteem that presents as depression.
Heinz Kohut’s (Psychodynamic factors in depression)
damaged early attachments and traumatic separation in childhood predisposed to depression. Adult losses are said to revive the traumatic childhood loss and so precipitate adult depressive disorders.
John Bowlby (Psychodynamic factors in depression)
Defense against underlying depression
May also result from a tyrannical superego, which cannot tolerate self-criticism
Ego is overwhelmed by pleasurable or feared impulses
Psychodynamic factors in Mania
Depression results from specific cognitive distortions present in susceptible person
Cognitive theory
