psychosocial theories Flashcards
theory of sigmund freud that discusses abt the self
structure of the self
the three components of structure of the self
id, ego, superego
this balances the aggressive/pleasure seeking drives of the id with the moral control of supego
ego
weak ego will lead to
anxiety
to protect ego from anxiety we use
defense mechanisms
what are the ego defense mechanisms
sublimation, displacement, regression, projection, repression
suppression of unwanted impulses by substituting it with creative cultural accomplishments
sublimation
the ego may revert back to an earlier stage during times of stress or anxiety
regression
redirecting unacceptable urges to less threatening ppl
displacement
when the ego is threatened, it unconsciously forgets or block unpleasant feelings
repression
attributing the unwanted impulse to another person
projection
theory of sigmund freud that’s about construction of self and personality makes the physical body the core of human experience
psychosexual theory of development
stages of psychosexual theory of development
oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latent stage, genital stage
age of oral stage
birth-1.5 years
age of anal stage
1.5-3 years
age of phallic stage
4-5 years
age of latent stage
5 years - puberty
age of genital stage
puberty
example of oral fixations
smoking, gum chewing, nail biting
example of anal fixations
orderliness, obsessiveness, rigidity
example of phallic fixations
vanity, exhibitionism, pride
model that helps identify what triggers behavior, exactly what the behaviors are, and their consequences
the ABCs of behavior
before behavior happens. we first look at what is happening before the behavior takes place
A-Antecedents
five common causes of antecedents
organic causes, emotional state, thoughts(cognition), environment, social relationshops
relates to medical factors such as brain injury or impairments relating to physical, behavioral, communication, or cognitive abilities
organic causes
the individual’s happiness, sadness, anxiety, depression
emotional state
how we view ourselves and others
thoughts/cognition
what surrounds us, including the noise, temperature, activities, space
environment
how we interact with others in our environment
social relationships
this is defined by the way in which ppl act towards others
B-Behavior
common behaviors ppl seek support include
escaping, aggression, avoidance
after behavior happens. what happens once the behavior has occurred. can either increase or reduce the likelihood of the behavior happening again
C-Consequence
increasing the likelihood of disruptive behavior
A - the child sees a chocolate on the table
B - screaming punching
C - parents give the child the chocolate to end
*child is more likely to scream and punch to get chocolate
reducing the likelihood of a disruptive behavior
A - child bored in class
B - speaking out, making inappropriate jokes
C - students of the class were asked to not acknowledge these outburts
*next time the child is less likely to speak in class bc not getting the attention wanted
specific consequences are associated with a voluntary behavior
operant conditioning
rewards introduced to
increase behavior
punishment introduced to
decrease a behavior
if positive stimuli is present
positive reinforcement (strengthens behavior)
if positive stimuli is removed
extinction - weakens behavior
response cost punishment - weakens behavior
if aversive stimuli is present
punishment - suppresses/weakens behavior)
if aversive stimuli is removed
negative reinforcement (strengthens behavior)
four basic response consequences (smith 2001)
positive reinforcement, extinction/response cost punishment, punishment, negative reinforcement
