Receptors (14) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 3 reasons why a simple reflex arc is important?

A

1) escape from predators
2) have role in homeostasis
3) preventing injury

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2
Q

What are the stages of a simple reflex arc?

A

receptor detects stimulus > sensory neuron > intermediate (relay) neuron > motor neuron > response by effector

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3
Q

What is the overall structure of the nervous system?

A

look at notes

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4
Q

What are 2 advantages of a simple reflex?

A

1) rapid response as only 3 neurons are involved
2) instinctive so does not have to be learnt

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5
Q

What are 2 common features of all sensory receptors?

A
  • respond to specific stimuli
  • act as energy transducers which establish a generator potential
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6
Q

What is the structure of a Pacinian corpuscle? (what does it contain)

A
  • stretch-mediated sodium ion channels on plasma membrane
  • capillary runs along base layer of tissue
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7
Q

What are the 3 steps on how a Pacinian corpuscle responds to stimuli?

A

1) pressure deforms membrane, causing stretch-mediated sodium ion channels to open
2) if influx of sodium ions raises membrane threshold potential, generator potential is prodced
3) action potential moves along sensory neuron

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of photoreceptor cell?

A

rod cell
cone cell

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9
Q

What are rod and cone cells?

A

photoreceptor cells

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10
Q

Where are rod cells located?

A

evenly distributed around periphery but NOT in central fovea

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11
Q

Where are cone cells located?

A

mainly in central fovea

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12
Q

Where are photoreceptors not located?

A

at blind spot

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13
Q

What are the 4 differences between cone and rod cells?

A

1) pigment
2) visual acuity
3) colour sensitivity
4) light sensitivity

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14
Q

How do cone and rod cells differ in terms of pigment?

A

rod - rhodopsin
cone - 3 types of iodopsin

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15
Q

How do cone and rod cells differ in terms of visual acuity?

A

rod - low as many rod cells connected to 1 bipolar neuron
cone - higher as 1 cone cell connected to 1 bipolar neuron so cones send separate impulses to brain

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16
Q

How do cone and rod cells differ in terms of colour sensitivity?

A

rod - monochromatic as all wavelengths are detected
cone - tricolour as red, blue, and green wavelengths are absorbed by the 3 different types of iodopsin

17
Q

How do cone and rod cells differ in terms of light sensitivity?

A

rod - very light sensitive due to spatial summation which helps overcome threshold
cone - low as not involved in night vision

18
Q

What is the pathway of light from a photoreceptor to the brain?

A

photoreceptor > bipolar neuron > optic nerve > brain

19
Q

Where is the Pacinian corpuscle located?

A

located in skin, particularly fingers, feet soles, and joints on ligaments/tendons

20
Q

What is the Pacinian corpuscle?

A

single nerve fibre surrounded by layers of connective tissue which are separated by viscous gel and contained by a capsule