Readings Flashcards by Madison no

What is the etiology of Lyme disease?

Organism is Borrelia burgdorferi

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What is the transmission of Lyme disease?

Transmitted by hard ticks from genus Ixodes

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What is the morbidity of Lyme disease?

30,000 cases per year

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What is the treatment for Lyme disease?

EARLY TREATMENT
tetracycline and amoxicillin
LATE TREATMENT
ceftriaxone and azithromycin

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What is the vector for epidemic typhus? What treatment is recommended?

Body louse (lice)
tetracycline

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What is the vector for endemic typhus? What treatment is recommended?

Fleas on rats

tetracycline

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What is the vector for scrub typhus? What treatment is recommended?

mites on mice

tetracycline

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What is the vector for rocky mountain spotted fever? What treatment is recommended?

Ticks
tetracycline (doxycycline) for 1 week

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What is the vector for cat-scratch disease? What treatment is recommended?

cats

azithromycin

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How is Q fever transmitted to humans? What treatment is recommended?

milk and ticks

tetracycline

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What is the etiology of ocular trachoma?

What is the recommended treatment?

Chlamydia trachomatis

erythromycin

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What is the etiology of Inclusion conjunctivitis?

What is the recommended treatment?

Chlamydia trachomatis

erythromycin

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What is the etiology of Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)?

What is the recommended treatment?

Chlamydia trachomatis

tetracyline and azithromycin

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What is the etiology of Ornithosis?

What is the recommended treatment?

Chlamydophila psittaci

tetracycline or erythromycin

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What is variola?

Virus which causes smallpox

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Describe the morbidity and mortality of variola?

eradicated throughout the world
WAS one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases
Variola major was highly contageous

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What are the current vaccination recommendations for variola?

a single drop of vaccina virus punctured into the skin with a double pronged needle

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What is the basic structure of influenza?

[RNA or DNA, single or double stranded, envelope?]

RNA
Single stranded
Envelope

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What is Hemagglutinin?

a type of gylcoprotein spike
associated with H1, H2, H3
clumps (agglutinats) red blood cells
most important virulence factor because it is needed to bind to the respiratory mucosal receptors and allow the virus to enter

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What is neuraminidase?

a type of gylcoprotein spike
associated with N1 and N2
an enzyme which breaks down respiratory mucus, keeps viruses from sticking together, and assists in fusion to and budding from the host cell

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What is the transmission of influenza?

inhalation of aerosols and droplets
can live on fomites for 24 hours
contact with poultry and swine

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What is the treatment of influenza?

INFLUENZA A
amantadine
rimantadine
zanamivir (Relenza)
oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

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What is the prevention against influenza?

annual vaccination or use of FluMist

What is epidemic parotitis?

Mumps
caused by Paramyxovirus
causes painful swelling at the angle of the jaw

What are the complications of epidemic parotitis?

in 20-30% of young males experience a mumps infection in the epididymis and testis. Painful but does not cause sterility

What is the treatment for epidemic parotitis?

treatment of symptoms (fever, dehydration, pain) | Vaccine is available (MMR)

How long is rabies incubated?

1-2 months

What is the difference between furious and dumb rabies?

FURIOUS PHASE agitation, disorientation, seizures, twitching muscle spasms (esp. in throat)- leads to hydrophobia (fear of water) coherent and alert DUMB PHASE not hyperactive- paralyzed, disoriented, stuperous

What is HRIG?

human rabies immune globulin | initially the wound is infused with this to impede the spread of the virus and the globulin provides systemic protection

What is HDCV?

human diploid cell vaccine the vaccine of choice against rabies contains inactivated virus injections on day 1, 3, 7, 14

What is rubeola?

virus which causes measles | aka Morbillivirus

What are Koplik's spots?

oral lesions associated with measles

What is the transmission of measles?

respiratory aerosols

What is the prevention against measles?

vaccine- MMR for babies, booster for kids, Meruvax (antigens) for adults

What kind of mold is Histoplasma capsulatum?

dimorphic

What is the principal treatment for histoplasmosis?

undetected or mild cases resolve on their own | chronic or disseminated calls for amphotericin B

What is the causative agent of tinea pedis?

Trichospron beigelii

What is thrush?

caused by Candida albicans white, patchy infection affecting mouth and throat found in very young and very old

What is vulvovaginal candidiasis?

yeast infections occurs with the disruption of natural flora in the vagina can infect neonates during vaginal birth and male partners during sex

What is onychomycosis?

candidal (fungal) attack of nails and skin

What is cutaneous candidiasis?

complicates burns

What is the importance of Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci?

aka PCP | most frequent opportunistic infection in AIDS patients

What is Aspergillosis?

opportunistic fungal infection | infects the lungs

What is zygomycosis?

sprobic fungi | can infect the very ill, malnurished, or those with skin damage

What is the etiology of Amebiasis? | Is it ameboid? Cilliated? Flagellated? Apicomplexan?

Entamoeba histolytica | amoeboid

What is the etiology of Balantidiosis? Is it ameboid? Cilliated? Flagellated? Apicomplexan?

Balantidium coli | cilliated

What is the etiology of Giardiasis? Is it ameboid? Cilliated? Flagellated? Apicomplexan?

Giardia lamblia | flagellated

What is the etiology of Trichmoniasis? Is it ameboid? Cilliated? Flagellated? Apicomplexan?

Trichomonas vaginalis | flagellated

What is the etiology of Trypanosomiasis? Is it ameboid? Cilliated? Flagellated? Apicomplexan?

Trypanosoma brucei AND Trypanosoma cruzi | flagellated

What is the etiology of Malaria? Is it ameboid? Cilliated? Flagellated? Apicomplexan?

Plasmodium vivax AND Plasmodium falciparum AND Plasmodium malariae aminocomplexan

What is the etiology of Toxoplasmosis? Is it ameboid? Cilliated? Flagellated? Apicomplexan?

Toxoplasma gondii | apicomplexan

What is the difference between the intermediate and definitive hosts?

intermediate host- the host in which larval development occurs definitive host- adulthood and mating occurs in this host

What is the etiology of Ascariasis? | Are they nematodes? Trematodes? Cestodes?

Ascaris lumbricoides | nematodes (round worms)

What is the etiology of Schistosomiasis (blood fluke)? | Are they nematodes? Trematodes? Cestodes?

Schistosoma japonicum AND Schistosoma mansoni AND Schistosoma haematobium trematodes (flukes)

What is the etiology of Beef tape worm? | Are they nematodes? Trematodes? Cestodes?

Taenia saginata | Cestodes (tape worms)

For which helmenthes infections are mebendazole used for? Which used praziquantel?

MEBENDAZOLE ascariasis PRAZIQUANTEL flukes (schistosomiasis) and tapeworms

Which leukocytes are most effective against helminthes?

eosinophils- grannular leukocytes