Reading and Spelling development Flashcards
Reading relies on which 4 things?
Phonological skills, vocabulary, reading skills and reading comprehension.
What are the processes in early reading?
- recognise letters(memory)
- Decode sounds (grapheme-phoneme)
- Analogise to known words
- Predict words from grapho-phoenmic context
5.Memory and semantic context
In a study by Conrad (2008) it was found that teaching children to spell increases both spelling and…
reading as the grapheme to phoneme overlap is encouraged.
Briefly describe the Dual Route Cascaded Model.
- Visual feature units
- Orthographic input lexicon to a phonological output via a semantic system OR Grapheme-phoneme conversion (GPC)
- Phoneme system
- Speech
The model has 2 routes; one for familiar words and one for unfamiliar.
Why are stage reading models better than the Dual Route Cascaded Model?
They take into consideration the child’s developmental stages.
Frith’s (1985) Stage Model has how many stages? What are they?
3.
Logographic, Alphabetic and Orthographic
What is the Logographic stage of Frith’s Reading model?
The earliest stage where letters that are a part of logos and the individual’s own name is recognised
What is the Alphabetic stage of Frith’s Reading model?
Mapping letters onto sounds. Grapheme-phoneme conversion.
What is the Orthographic stage of Frith’s Reading model?
Readers don’t need to sound out words, automatic recognition of words.
Frith updated her three stage model into a six step model of skills in reading and writing acquisition. Why?
prior studies showed that spelling development is more beneficial for reading than reading alone.
What is one critique of Frith’s stages?
It fails to explain how changes occur
Which stage of Frith’s (1985) model is key to Ehri’s (1995) Phase model?
The Alphabetic stage
Pre Alphabetic, Partial Alphabetic, Full Alphabetic and Consolidated Alphabetic are the phases of which model?
Ehri (1995) Phase Model
Pre Alphabetic phase is similar to Frith’s…
Logographic stage
What are some critiques of Ehri (1995) Phase model?
There’s no underlying cognitive structure & no mature reading stage
Gentry (1982) Spelling Model stages are…
- Precommunicative stage
- Semiphonetic stage
- Phonetic stage
- Transitional stage
Vellutino & Scanlon (1987) found that in kindergarten readers…. is the best predictor of future performance and…. has a poorer prediction?
Phonemic Segmentation is the best predictor and vocabulary and semantic ability are poorer predictors.
Transparent languages are said to be shallow. What does this mean?
They have consistent letter-phoneme relations.
Opaque languages have ambiguous letter-phoneme relations. Name 3 languages.
English, Danish and French.
Ziegler et al (2010) found that phonological awareness predicts what?
Reading speed and accuracy across both opaque and transparent languages.
Phonological Awareness is of greater importance in opaque languages. Study?
Ziegler et al (2010)
