Obedience & Conformity

Question 1

What are the different types of social influence?

Answer 1

Conformity, Compliance and Obedience

Question 2

Define conformity.

Answer 2

changing one’s behaviour in response to implicit or explicit pressure from others

Question 3

Define compliance.

Answer 3

changing behaviour following the explicit request of another person

Question 4

Define obedience.

Answer 4

Submitting to the demands of someone who is higher in the social hierarchy

Question 5

What is the difference between compliance and conversion?

Answer 5

compliance occurs whilst behaviour is under surveillance as there is no internal change. Conversion is a true internal change.

Question 6

Power is the basis of compliance (Moscovici, 1976). Which type of social influence is this describing?

Answer 6

conformity

Question 7

Not based on power but subjective validity of social norms. Which type of social influence is this describing?

Answer 7

conversion

Question 8

What are the two types of conformity?

Answer 8

informational influence and normative influence

Question 9

Define informational influence.

Answer 9

It refers to the adoption of objective/external sources of information and conversion resulting from a power dynamic.

Question 10

Define normative influence.

Answer 10

Conforming to the expectations of others i.e compliance in group context.

Question 11

Of the two types of conformity, which one involves compliance?

Answer 11

normative influence

Question 12

Which type of conformity involves conversion?

Answer 12

informational influence

Question 13

Sherif (1935) autokinetic experiment showed that there was a tendency for estimates to converge. Which in turn shows what?

Answer 13

group conformity based on informational influence.

Question 14

Asch (1952) criticism of Sherif’s autokinetic experiment was…

Answer 14

conformity occurred because the task was too difficult

Question 15

The results from Asch’s experiment showed what?

Answer 15

low levels of conformity as only 1/3 of time and almost no private persuasion.

Question 16

Deutsch & Gerad (1955) found that decreasing which two things reduced conformity?

Answer 16

uncertainty and pressure

Question 17

_____ _______ ____ is where social identity shapes individual behaviour to be consistent with salient group identity ( Turner, 1991)

Answer 17

Referent informational influence

Question 18

Influences public responses but also private responses are shaped by group membership. Which type of conformity does this describe?

Answer 18

referent informational influence

Question 19

Bond & Smith meta-analysis of 133 Asch-style conformity experiments had 4 key findings.

Answer 19

1. measure of compliance rather than internalisation
2. conformity increases with the level of ambiguity, size of groups etc
3. conformity is higher in collectivist countries
4. conformity has generally decreased over time

Question 20

A_____, A_____ and P___________ are factors that influence compliance.

Answer 20

Accuracy, Affiliation and Positive Self-Concept

Question 21

Moscovici (1976) Genetic Model of Social Influence describes which type of influence?

Answer 21

minority influence

Question 22

Minority creates conflict to persuade majority to adopt their viewpoint. What type of social influence is this describing?

Answer 22

innovation

Question 23

A mutual compromise leading to convergence. What is this describing?

Answer 23

normalisation

Question 24

Majority influence persuading minority to adopt majority viewpoint. What is this describing?

Answer 24

conformity

Question 25

The purpose of Milgram’s 11th experiment was _____

Answer 25

to prove that obedience to authority was the cause of the participants gravitating towards the maximum 450V

Question 26

How did Milgram’s 11th experiment differ from the previous experiments?

Answer 26

absence of authority figure as the ppts chose their own shock level

Question 27

In the 11th experiment , what did Milgram find?

Answer 27

Only 3 ppts went beyond 135V. They should rapidly gravitate towards the maximum 450V if aggression based but that wasn’t the case so it must have been obedience to authority.

Question 28

What are the factors influencing obedience?

Answer 28

1. immediacy of authority
2. legitimacy of authority
3. proximity of shock equipment

Question 29

What was Milgram’s agentic state?

Answer 29

an internal change as a shift from autonomy.

Question 30

In Russell & Gregory’s (2011) review of Milgram’s experiment, what was their main finding?

Answer 30

They found that the experiments contained strain-resolving mechanisms which took the strain off ppts and maximised high levels of obedience.

Question 31

What was Haslam & Reicher (2011) social identity critique of Milgram’s experiments?

Answer 31

They argued that the focus was on behaviour rather than processes that govern obedience such as the effect of being in a group.
They also argued that there was no evidence of people entering an agentic state especially as physical distress was observable on the ppts

Question 32

Requests and scientific rationale prompts were adhered to because their basis was a shared social identity. When requests were framed as orders, people did not obey. Who’s critique was this?

Answer 32

Haslam and Reicher (2011)

Question 33

Haslam, Loughnan &B Perry (2014) re-analysed Milgram’s data across 21 conditions, looking at which variables?

Answer 33

setting, experimenter, teacher and learner

Question 34

In the meta-analysis of Milgram (2014), name some of the conditions that predicted the likelihood that teachers would continue to 450V.

Answer 34

Experimenter- illegitimacy, non-directiveness & inconsistency.

distance between experimenter and teacher

group pressure to disobey

proximity, intimacy and indirectness between teacher and learner

Question 35

Burger’s (2009) replication of Milgram’s Experiment 5, included a screening process. Which two things were screened for?

Answer 35

people who took 2 or more psychology courses & people with a history of mental health were excluded.

Question 36

What was a key difference between Milgram’s experiment and Burgers replication?

Answer 36

Burger’s experiment was terminated at 150V if the ppt goes to read the next item.

Question 37

What is a critical point to take from Milgram’s experiment that was factored into Burger’s replication?

Answer 37

79% of ppts who delivered 150V continued to the end.

Question 38

Burger’s (2009) replication had 2 conditions, what were they?

Answer 38

1. Base condition- similar to Milgram’s exp 5

2. Modeled refusal condition- 2 confederates-ppt asked to take over when confederate teacher refuses to continue.

Question 39

What were some of the findings from Burger’s (2009) replication?

Answer 39

70% ppts went to continue past 150V- not significantly different from Milgram’s findings

No difference between men and women.

No difference in empathic concern

Question 40

Dolinski et al (2017) replicated Milgram’s experiment using Burger’s replication base condition procedure. Where did this take place?

Answer 40

central europe

Question 41

What were Dolinski’s findings?

Answer 41

90% obedience rate & ppts were 3x more likely to refuse if female learner but this was not significant