Intergroup conflict Flashcards
What is intergroup behaviour?
any perception, cognition or behaviour that is influenced by people’s recognition that they and others are members of distinct social groups
How can intergroup conflict be explained from an economic perspective?
By the Realistic Conflict Theory (Sherif, 1966)
Describe Sherif’s Realistic Conflict Theory.
Mutually exclusive goals between groups result in realistic intergroup conflict and ethnocentrism.
Shared goals results in cooperation .
What are the 4 phases of Sherif’s 1966 summer camp experiment?
- spontaneous friendship,
- in group and norm formation
- intergroup competition
- intergroup cooperation
Which theory states that it is the nature of group goals that determines relations?
Sherif’s Realistic Conflict Theory
Relative deprivation is often a precondition for intergroup aggression. Define relative deprivation.
Discrepancy between actualities and expectations or entitlements.
Define fraternalistic relative deprivation according to Runciman.
a collective sense that our group has less than it is entitled to compared to other groups.
Define egoistic relative deprivation according to Runciman.
an individual’s own sense of deprivation relative to other similar individuals.
What factors affect Relative Deprivation?
- Strong group identification
- Perceived effectiveness of action
- Perceptions of injustice
- In group- outgroup comparisons
What is the minimal group paradigm?
experimental methodology to investigate the effect of social categorisation on group behaviour
The Social Identity Theory states that people have both personal identities and…?
social identities
The Social Identity Theory states that in-group favouritism occurs because….?
self esteem isn’t only from personal accomplishment but also from the status and achievements of their in-group.
Social identity is formed through two processes. What are they?
- social categorization
2. social comparison
What is a cognitive perspective on Intergroup conflict?
self-categorisation theory which is part of the social identity approach
What is the Self-Categorisation Theory?
It explains the cognitive categorisation process underpinning social identity theory.
Self-Categorization Theory provides an explanation for how_____
Self-Categorization Theory provides an explanation for how social identity differs from personal identity
What is Terror Management Theory?
A primal reason for in-group favouritism. An innate drive for survival plus an awareness of the inevitability of death produces terror.
“When we are reminded of our impending mortality, we seek protection by re-affirming our cultural worldviews”. Which theory does this describe?
Terror Management Theory
Social identity theory claims we categorise people in terms of_____ ______ that are represented as prototypes.
social groups
According to the Self-Categorisation Theory, how we cognitively organise categories is in line with the meta-contrast principle.
What does this principle say about in-groups and out-groups?
Perceived differences with out-groups is maximised and differences are minimised with in-group members.
Social category saliency can lead to…
depersonalisation
Define the accentuation effect.
Overestimation of similarities among people within a category and dissimilarities between people from different categories.
Define the relative homogeneity effect.
tendency to see ingroup members as more differentiated and out-group members the same.
How can intergroup conflict be reduced?
Contact hypothesis- prolonged and cooperative interaction, equal social status and institutionally supported.
According to Stephan et al., (2002), contact between intergroup members can reduce conflict because….
there is a reduction in uncertainty, anxiety of not knowing how to act or how you will be perceived.
Intergroup conflict can be reduced by which 3 things?
- contact
- Shared ( or superordinate goals)
- reduced feelings of competitive victimhood
There have been many theories to explain why intergroup conflict occurs but which theory is the most dominant?
social identity approach
