Intergroup conflict

Question 1

What is intergroup behaviour?

Answer 1

any perception, cognition or behaviour that is influenced by people’s recognition that they and others are members of distinct social groups

Question 2

How can intergroup conflict be explained from an economic perspective?

Answer 2

By the Realistic Conflict Theory (Sherif, 1966)

Question 3

Describe Sherif’s Realistic Conflict Theory.

Answer 3

Mutually exclusive goals between groups result in realistic intergroup conflict and ethnocentrism.
Shared goals results in cooperation .

Question 4

What are the 4 phases of Sherif’s 1966 summer camp experiment?

Answer 4

1. spontaneous friendship,
2. in group and norm formation
3. intergroup competition
4. intergroup cooperation

Question 5

Which theory states that it is the nature of group goals that determines relations?

Answer 5

Sherif’s Realistic Conflict Theory

Question 6

Relative deprivation is often a precondition for intergroup aggression. Define relative deprivation.

Answer 6

Discrepancy between actualities and expectations or entitlements.

Question 7

Define fraternalistic relative deprivation according to Runciman.

Answer 7

a collective sense that our group has less than it is entitled to compared to other groups.

Question 8

Define egoistic relative deprivation according to Runciman.

Answer 8

an individual’s own sense of deprivation relative to other similar individuals.

Question 9

What factors affect Relative Deprivation?

Answer 9

1. Strong group identification
2. Perceived effectiveness of action
3. Perceptions of injustice
4. In group- outgroup comparisons

Question 10

What is the minimal group paradigm?

Answer 10

experimental methodology to investigate the effect of social categorisation on group behaviour

Question 11

The Social Identity Theory states that people have both personal identities and…?

Answer 11

social identities

Question 12

The Social Identity Theory states that in-group favouritism occurs because….?

Answer 12

self esteem isn’t only from personal accomplishment but also from the status and achievements of their in-group.

Question 13

Social identity is formed through two processes. What are they?

Answer 13

1. social categorization

2. social comparison

Question 14

What is a cognitive perspective on Intergroup conflict?

Answer 14

self-categorisation theory which is part of the social identity approach

Question 15

What is the Self-Categorisation Theory?

Answer 15

It explains the cognitive categorisation process underpinning social identity theory.

Question 16

Self-Categorization Theory provides an explanation for how_____

Answer 16

Self-Categorization Theory provides an explanation for how social identity differs from personal identity

Question 17

What is Terror Management Theory?

Answer 17

A primal reason for in-group favouritism. An innate drive for survival plus an awareness of the inevitability of death produces terror.

Question 18

“When we are reminded of our impending mortality, we seek protection by re-affirming our cultural worldviews”. Which theory does this describe?

Answer 18

Terror Management Theory

Question 19

Social identity theory claims we categorise people in terms of_____ ______ that are represented as prototypes.

Answer 19

social groups

Question 20

According to the Self-Categorisation Theory, how we cognitively organise categories is in line with the meta-contrast principle.
What does this principle say about in-groups and out-groups?

Answer 20

Perceived differences with out-groups is maximised and differences are minimised with in-group members.

Question 21

Social category saliency can lead to…

Answer 21

depersonalisation

Question 22

Define the accentuation effect.

Answer 22

Overestimation of similarities among people within a category and dissimilarities between people from different categories.

Question 23

Define the relative homogeneity effect.

Answer 23

tendency to see ingroup members as more differentiated and out-group members the same.

Question 24

How can intergroup conflict be reduced?

Answer 24

Contact hypothesis- prolonged and cooperative interaction, equal social status and institutionally supported.

Question 25

According to Stephan et al., (2002), contact between intergroup members can reduce conflict because….

Answer 25

there is a reduction in uncertainty, anxiety of not knowing how to act or how you will be perceived.

Question 26

Intergroup conflict can be reduced by which 3 things?

Answer 26

1. contact
2. Shared ( or superordinate goals)
3. reduced feelings of competitive victimhood

Question 27

There have been many theories to explain why intergroup conflict occurs but which theory is the most dominant?

Answer 27

social identity approach