Prejudice and Discrimination Flashcards
What do stereotypes function to do?
They function to organise and facilitate the processing of information about members of different social and/or ethnic groups.
How do we form impressions according to Asch’s (1946) configural model?
We use a gestalt approach where we look at the whole picture with each piece of information influencing the others..
According to Asch’s configural model, cold and warm traits are termed….
central traits because of their influence on the peripheral traits
Asch’s (1946) model of unified impression formation is an algebraic model. What does this mean?
Information received is averaged.
Asch’s (1946) model of unified impression formation is a configural model. What does this mean?
Certain elements dominate and can influence interpretation of others.
According to Asch’s (1946) model, why are stereotypes formed?
Because we have a drive for unified and organised impressions which shapes our mental processing
What are the functions of stereotyping?
- Saves cognitive energy as it simplifies the social world.
- It can be used to make predictions about the dispositions of others.
- It can improve our own self-esteem through comparison.
It was concluded from the Princeton Trilogy that _____
stereotypes are the cultural products. As society changed so did the general consensus.
Are stereotypes deliberate or automatic?
Studies by Devine (1989) suggests that both people high and low in prejudice can be influenced by negative stereotypes (study 2) but people with low prejudice are motivated more to inhibit these automatic thoughts and replace them with egalitarian thoughts.
Define Gaertner and Dovidio’s (1986) aversive racism.
conflict between prejudiced attitudes and modern egalitarian values. When egalitarian views are weak, racism is expressed.
Gaertner and Dovidio (1977) found that the bystander effect was greatly magnified if the victim was…..
black- people were less likely to help the black victim if other potential helpers were present
What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination.
Prejudice is an unfavourable attitude towards a social group whereas discrimination is singling out members from a particular social group for prejudice based on their group membership.
What are some discriminative behaviours?
Reluctance to help, tokenism and reverse discrimination
Name some social theories of prejudice and discrimination.
Mere exposure effect- Zajonc (1968)
Social learning- Bandura (1977,1997)
Social identity & Self-Categorisation
Adorno’s 1950 Authoritarian personality hypothesis states that individuals with this type of personality tend to displace their anger and resentment _______
onto weaker groups.
According to Fiske’s stereotype content model, what type of behaviour does pride, pity, disgust and envy lead to?
pity- active behaviour
pride- facilitative behaviour
disgust- passive behaviour
envy- harmful behaviour
Having an authoritarian personality doesn’t always lead to prejudice and discrimination because ______
there are few differences between racist and non-racist groups (Pettigrew, 1958)
What is a theory of prejudice and discrimination that isn’t restricted to people who are authoritarian?
Dogmatism and close-mindedness. More general syndrome that is characterised by a resistance to belief change.
Personality theories don’t account for….
sudden attitude change or situational factors
Which theory states that similar beliefs leads to liking and social harmony but dissimilar beliefs leads to dislike and prejudice?
Belief congruence theory- Rokeach (1960)
Stereotypes prevent promotion due to competence perceptions. What effect is this?
glass-ceiling effect
