Reading a Spectrogram Flashcards
noise, no clear formants
obstruent
what are the 3 obstruent categories?
stop, fricative, affricate consonants
steady, clearly defined formants
sonorants
what are the 5 sonorant categories?
vowels, nasals, liquids, glides, consonants
interval of noise, no closure, gradual onset
fricative
closure period with little or no energy, sudden onset of noise with peaks where the following sound has formants
plosive
closure period with little or no energy, sudden onset of noise extending from the highest frequencies
affricate
long, intense, clearly defined formants
vowel
fault transition, F1 on the baseline, weak F2, F3, F4
nasal
gradual formant transitions
approximant
short closure interval
tap
obstruent with shorter noise duration, less intense noise comparably
voiced (longer interval of voicing pulses too)
an obstruent with longer noise burst and long VOT
voiceless aspirated plosive
vowel with a high F1
low
vowel with a low F1
high
vowel with F2 widely separated from F1
front
vowel with F2 on top of F1
back
approximant with F1 on the baseline, F2 is low, F3 is on top of F2
[ɹ]
approximant with F1 on the baseline, F2 is low, F3 is widely separated from F2
[l]
approximant with F1 on the baseline, F2 on top of F1, gradual transition
[w]
approximant with F1 on the baseline, F2 far above F1, gradual transition
[j]
fricative with intense noise from the highest frequencies, with intense noise NOT extending past F3
alveolar
fricative with intense noise from the highest frequencies extending far down to F2, most intense noise lower
alveopalatal
fricative with less intense noise, spread out over the frequency range
labiodental/dental
stop with F2 and F3 in the neighboring vowel pointing down/lower
bilabial
stop with F2 in the neighboring vowel pointing across/mid-range
alveolar
stop with F2 in the neighboring vowel pointing up and meeting F3
velar (pinch)
