Reactions of transition metal ions in aqueous solution Flashcards

1
Q

Name the formula formed when added to (aq) with Fe/Cu

A

[M(H2O)6]2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the formula formed when added to (aq) with Al/Fe

A

[M(H2O)6]3+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What colour is [Cu(H2O)6]2+?

A

blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What colour is [Fe(H2O)6]2+?

A

pale green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What colour is [Fe(H2O)6]3+?

A

yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What colour is [Al(H2O)6]3+?

A

colourless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens when metal hexa aqua ions react with NaOH?

A

-a little/a few drops of NaOH, all form a metal hydrogen precipitate
-with excess, only [Al(OH)3(H2O)3] dissolves to make a colourless solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the equation for NaOH and [M(H2O)6]2+?

A

[M(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) –> M(OH)2(H2O)4 + 2H2O(l)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What colour is Cu(OH)2(H2O)4?

A

blue precipitate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What colour is Fe (OH)2(H2O)4?

A

green precipitate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the equation for NaOH and [M(H2O)6]3+?

A

[M(H2O)6]3+ (aq) + 3OH- (aq) –> M(OH)3(H2O)3 + 3H2O(l)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What colour is Fe(OH)3(H2O)3?

A

brown precipitate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What colour is Al(OH)3(H2O)3?

A

white precipitate - dissolves in excess NaOH to form a colourless solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the equation for excess NaOH and AlCl3?

A

Al(OH)3(H2O)3 + -OH(aq) –> [Al(OH)4]- (aq) + 3H2O (l)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens when metal hexa aqua ions react with NH3?

A

-all form precipitates with a little/few drops of ammonia
-with excess, only Cu2+ forms a complex containing NH3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the equation for NH3 and [M(H2O)6]2+?

A

[M(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 2NH3(aq) –> [M(OH)2(H2O)4] (s) + 2NH4+ (aq)

17
Q

What is the equation for NH3 and [M(H2O)6]3+?

A

[M(H2O)6]3+ (aq) + 3NH3(aq) –> [M(OH)3(H2O)3] (s) + 3NH4+ (aq)

18
Q

What is the equation for [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4] (s) and excess ammonia?

A

[Cu(OH)2(H2O)4] (s) + 4NH3 (aq) –> [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) + 2H2O(l)

partial ligand substitution

19
Q

How can you determine the charge on a metal ion?

A

-adding Na2CO3(aq)
-all the M2+ form metal(II) carbonate precipitate, NO FIZZING/NO CO2 - not acidic enough to convert it to CO2
-all the M3+ form metal(III) hydroxide precipitate, FIZZING/CO2 GAS

20
Q

What is the equation for M2+ and Na2CO3?

A

[M(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + CO3 2- –> MCO3(s) + 6H2O(l)

21
Q

What colour is [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ (aq)?

22
Q

What is the equation for M3+ and Na2CO3?

A

[M(H2O)6]3+ (aq) + 3CO3 2- –> 2M(OH)3(H2O)3 + 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

23
Q

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 4Cl- –>

blue

A

[CuCl4]2- + 6H2O (l)

yellow-green solution

24
Q

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 4Cl- –>

pale green

A

[FeCl4]2- + 6H2O (l)

green solution

25
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ (aq) + 4Cl- --> yellow
[FeCl4]- + 6H2O (l) yellow
26
[Al(H2O)6]3+ (aq) + 4Cl- --> colourless
[AlCl4]- + 6H2O (l) colourless
27
What is special about [Al(OH)3(H2O)3](s) ?
amphoteric - dissolves in both acids and alkalis
28
Why is M3+ more acidic than M2+?
-the M3+ ion is both smaller and more highly charged than the M2+ ion (it has a higher charge/size ratio) -so is more strongly polarising -the M3+ ion attracts electrons more strongly from the oxygen atoms of the water ligands, so weakens the O-H bonds in the water molecules more -which releases more H+ ions, increasing [H+], making the solution more acidic
29
Use equations to show why is M3+ more acidic than M2+
[M(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ [M(OH)(H2O)5]+ (aq) + H3O+ (aq) [M(H2O)6]3+ (aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ [M(OH)2(H2O)5]2+ (aq) + H3O+ (aq)
30
How is VO2+ produced?
VO3- + 2H+ ⇌ VO2+ + H2O orange ---------yellow acid-base, not redox
31
What is the colour of [V(H2O)6]2+?
purple
32
What is the colour of [V(H2O)6]3+?
green
33
What is the colour of [VO(H2O)5]2+?
blue
34
What is the colour of [VO2(H2O)4]+?
yellow