Kinetics 2 Flashcards
What is rate?
change in conc of products / change in time
What are the 3 possible relationships between rate and concentration?
-zero order
-1st order
-2nd order
What is zero order, and the rate equation?
changing conc has no effect on rate, rate is constant, rate = K
What is 1st order, and the rate equation?
doubling conc doubles the rate, rate is directly proportional to conc, rate = K [A]
What is 2nd order, and the rate equation?
doubling conc quadruples rate, curved graph, rate = K [A]^2
What is an order?
the power to which the concentration of a substance is raised to in the rate equation
What is rate proportional to?
1/time
How can rate equations be worked out?
by doing experiments only
Why may the order of reaction appear to be zero if you know it isn’t? (adding too much excess = becomes zero order)
concentration of the substance is so large, so changing the the conc has no effect on rate as rate limiting factor is the other reactant
How do you name an ester?
lower half first, add yl, then the first bit. add -anoate
What is esterification?
carboxylic acid + alcohol ⇌ ester + water
What is hydrolysis of esters?
ester + sodium hydroxide –> sodium salt + alcohol
What happens to concentration if you double the volume?
half the conc
What is the rate determining step?
the slowest step in a mechanism
What does the rate equation tell us?
about the rate determining step and all the steps before it
