Equilibrium Flashcards

1
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

rate of forward reaction equals rate of the backwards reaction AND the concentration of each substance remains constant

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2
Q

What does homogenous mean?

A

all substances are in the same state

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3
Q

What is the equation for ammonia making?

A

N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3

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4
Q

What are the conditions for ammonia making?

A

450C, iron catalyst, 200 atmospheres

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5
Q

How do you know when equilibrium has been reached on a graph?

A

where all substances have levelled out

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6
Q

What do you have to mention to get marks in an exam when asked about what happens to equilibrium when ______ happens?

A

the equilibrium shifts to the ______ in order to oppose/counteract the ______ increase/decrease

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7
Q

What is in mind when conditions are chosen in industry?

A

conditions are chosen to maximise profits

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8
Q

Explain why a temperature is used?

A

-higher temp means higher energy costs
-at lower temps the rate of reaction is too slow
-so we use a compromise temp to maximise yield at a reasonable cost

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9
Q

Explain why a pressure is used?

A

-higher pressure requires more expensive machinery/reaction vessel
-at lower pressures the rate of reaction is too slow
-so we use a compromise pressure to maximise yield at a reasonable cost

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10
Q

Why are catalysts used?

A

-increases the rate of the forward and backward reaction equally
-reduce energy costs
-so more product can be made per unit time

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