Acids and Bases Flashcards
What is a Brønsted-Lowry acid?
a proton donor
What is a strong Brønsted-Lowry acid?
a fully dissociated proton donor
What is the equation for a strong acid?
HX (aq) –> H+(aq) + X- (aq)
What are examples of strong acids?
HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 (diprotic)
What is the equation for a weak acid?
HX (aq) ⇌ H+(aq) + X- (aq)
What are examples of weak acids?
carboxylic acids
Mono, di, and triprotic examples?
-carboxylic acids
-dicarboxylic acids
-H3PO4
What are Brønsted-Lowry bases?
proton acceptors
What are strong Brønsted-Lowry bases?
every base particle will accept/gain a proton
What are weak bases?
NH3, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2
What are strong bases?
NaOH. (Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2
What are weak Brønsted-Lowry bases?
only some particles accept/gain a proton
What is pH?
pH = -log [H+]
How do you calculate [H+]?
[H+] = 10 ^ -pH
What is a property of water?
it is very weakly dissociated
What is the equation for water?
H2O(l) ⇌ H+(aq) + -OH(aq)
Which way does the equilibrium for water lie?
wayyyyy to the left
What type of reaction is the dissociation of water?
endothermic because energy is required to break O-H bonds
Why is water neutral?
[H+] = [-OH]
Why don’t we include [H20] in the equation?
because the [H20] is virtually constant