Group 2 alkaline earth metals Flashcards

1
Q

All group 2 elements are…

A

metals

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2
Q

What happens down the atomic radius for group 2?

A

-down group 2 atomic radius increases
-due to more filled shells
-so outer electron is further from the nucleus

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3
Q

What happens to ionisation energy down group 2?

A

-ionisation energy decreases down group 2 due to greater atomic radius
-and greater shielding
-therefore the outer electron is attracted less strongly, so less energy is required to remove an electron

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4
Q

What happens to melting point down group 2?

A

-melting point generally decreases down group 2 due to increased ionic radii so decrease in charge/size ratio of the ion
-so weaker metallic bonding
-so less energy required to break the metallic bonds

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5
Q

Discuss how magnesium reacts with water

A

-reacts very very slowly with cold water
-reacts readily with steam

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6
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for the reaction of magnesium and steam?

A

magnesium + steam —> magnesium oxide + hydrogen

Mg(s) +H2O (g) —> MgO(s) + H2(g)

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7
Q

How can you describe MgO(s)?

A

white solid

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8
Q

How do calcium, strontium, and barium all react with cold water?

A

vigorously

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9
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for calcium and cold water?

A

calcium + water —> calcium hydroxide + hydrogen

Ca(s) +2H2O (l) —> Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2(g)

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10
Q

What is the observations when magnesium reacts with steam?

A

magnesium reacts with steam when heated :
-glows orange
-white solid MgO(s) formed

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11
Q

Discuss Ca(OH)2 in water and what it can be used for

A

Ca(OH)2 is only sparingly soluble in water, is also called limewater. tests for CO2 gas

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12
Q

What is the observation when calcium reacts with water?

A

cloudy white mixture formed

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13
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for the reaction of strontium and water?

A

strontium + water —> strontium hydroxide + hydrogen

Sr(s) + 2H2O(l) —> Sr(OH)2 (aq) + H2(g)

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14
Q

What is the observation when strontium reacts with water and why?

A

Sr(OH)2 is more soluble than Ca(OH)2 in water so a colourless solution is formed

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15
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for the reaction of barium and water?

A

barium + water —> barium hydroxide + hydrogen

Ba(s) + 2H20(l) —> Ba(OH)2 (aq) + H2(g)

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16
Q

What is the observation when barium reacts with water?

A

Ba(OH)2 is the most soluble of group 2 so a colourless solution is formed

17
Q

The more soluble the hydroxide, the stronger the…

A

alkali, as a higher concentration of hydroxide ions

18
Q

What can Mg(OH) be used for?

A

in medicine as indigestion cure/antacid, and as a laxative to relieve constipation
-is a weak alkali
-neutralises excess stomach acid but isn’t corrosive or toxic

19
Q

What is Ca(OH)2 used for?

A

by farmers in agriculture to add to soils to increase pH, neutralise acidic soils

20
Q
A