Reaction types Flashcards
What reactions do oxidoreductases catalyze?
redox reactions
A loss of H is (oxidation/reduction)?
oxidation
A (gain/loss) of H is reduction?
gain
Most of the time when FAD/NAD+ become FADH2/NADH, what enzyme is involved?
dehydrogenase
Gain of H, FAD is (reduced/oxidized) to FADH2
reduced
Loss of H the succinate is (reduced/oxidized) to fumarate.
oxidized
B2 is the precursor for the synthesis of (NAD+ / FAD) in the body.
FAD
B3 is the precursor for the synthesis of (NAD+/FAD) in the body.
NAD+
Dehydrogenases and oxidases are both which class of enzyme?
oxidoreductase
______________ enzymes synthesize molecules by catalyzing the transfer of a group from one molecule to another.
Transferases
Is a nucleophile electron rich or poor? Positive or negative?
Rich/negative
True or false.
Electrophiles are deficient.
True
Hydrolysis would use which enzyme?
hydrolase
A group transfer would use what enzyme?
transferase
A condensation reaction would use what enzyme?
lyase
A decarboxylation/elimination reaction would use which enzyme?
lyase
A hydration/addition reaction would use which enzyme?
lyase
An isomerization reaction would use which enzyme?
isomerase
Which enzyme would join molecules with the use of ATP?
ligase
dehydrogenase and oxidase are in what class?
oxidoreductase
phosphatase, ATPase, peptidase, and lipase are in which class?
hydrolase
kinase and polymerase are in which class?
transferase
synthase, decarboxylase and hydratase are in which class?
lyase
mutase, epimerase, racemase are in which class?
isomerase
synthetase, synthase are in which class?
ligase
Which enzymes transfer a phosphate group from ATP to another (non-water) molecule?
kinases
Which enzymes transfers a monomer to a polymer, especially in DNA and RNA?
polymerases
___________ transfer “X” from one molecule to another.
“X” transferases
“X” is the name of the group being transfered
example: if “X” is a peptide, then the enzyme is a peptidyl transferase
True or false.
Transfer reactions never require the use of a “carrier”
False, many do.
__________ is the “carier” that replaces the OH on fatty acids during TG formation.
CoASH
A fatty acid attached to CoASH is called a ____________.
fatty acyl
What type of transferase enzyme is used to make TG’s?
glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT)
What class of enzymes catalyzes hydrolysis reactions?
Hydrolases
Phosphatases belong to what enzyme class?
hydrolases
Which enzymes hydrolyse ATP to release a phosphate group?
ATPase
Does water typically act as a nucleophile or an electrophile?
nucleophile
3 types of reactions catalyzed by lyases include:
1.) addition: adds a molecule, commonly across a 2X (or 3X) carbon bond
2.) elimination: removes atoms in a molecule to create a double bond
3.) condensation: joins 2 molecules, creating new C-C bond
dehydratase
vs.
dehydrogenase
dehydratase: removal of water
dehydrogenase: removal of hydrogen
________________ is the class of enzymes that rearranges a group(s) within a molecule: no net addition or elimination of atoms
isomerases
What do mutases do?
transfer functional groups intramolecularly
What do epimerases do?
interconvert the groups around an asymmetric carbon in a molecule that has more that one asymmetric carbon
What do racemases do?
interconvert the groups around an asymmetric carbon in a molecule that only has one asymmetric carbon.
True or false.
a reaction can be an isomerization but not use an enzyme from the isomerase class.
True
___________ enzyme class catalyze various reactions that join 2 molecules with the use of ATP for energy.
ligases
differentiate hydratase, hydrolase
Hydratases catalyze hydration reactions, adding a water molecule to a substrate, often as part of metabolic pathways.
ex: biochemical processes, including the synthesis and breakdown of molecules within cells.
Hydrolases catalyze hydrolysis reactions, breaking specific chemical bonds in molecules by adding water, resulting in the cleavage of those bonds.
ex: digestion of food, the breakdown of cellular waste products, and the regulation of metabolic pathways.
