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Biochemistry > Reaction types > Flashcards

Reaction types Flashcards

1
Q

What reactions do oxidoreductases catalyze?

A

redox reactions

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2
Q

A loss of H is (oxidation/reduction)?

A

oxidation

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3
Q

A (gain/loss) of H is reduction?

A

gain

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4
Q

Most of the time when FAD/NAD+ become FADH2/NADH, what enzyme is involved?

A

dehydrogenase

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5
Q

Gain of H, FAD is (reduced/oxidized) to FADH2

A

reduced

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6
Q

Loss of H the succinate is (reduced/oxidized) to fumarate.

A

oxidized

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7
Q

B2 is the precursor for the synthesis of (NAD+ / FAD) in the body.

A

FAD

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8
Q

B3 is the precursor for the synthesis of (NAD+/FAD) in the body.

A

NAD+

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9
Q

Dehydrogenases and oxidases are both which class of enzyme?

A

oxidoreductase

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10
Q

______________ enzymes synthesize molecules by catalyzing the transfer of a group from one molecule to another.

A

Transferases

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11
Q

Is a nucleophile electron rich or poor? Positive or negative?

A

Rich/negative

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12
Q

True or false.
Electrophiles are deficient.

A

True

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13
Q

Hydrolysis would use which enzyme?

A

hydrolase

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14
Q

A group transfer would use what enzyme?

A

transferase

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15
Q

A condensation reaction would use what enzyme?

A

lyase

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16
Q

A decarboxylation/elimination reaction would use which enzyme?

A

lyase

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17
Q

A hydration/addition reaction would use which enzyme?

A

lyase

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18
Q

An isomerization reaction would use which enzyme?

A

isomerase

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19
Q

Which enzyme would join molecules with the use of ATP?

A

ligase

20
Q

dehydrogenase and oxidase are in what class?

A

oxidoreductase

21
Q

phosphatase, ATPase, peptidase, and lipase are in which class?

A

hydrolase

22
Q

kinase and polymerase are in which class?

A

transferase

23
Q

synthase, decarboxylase and hydratase are in which class?

A

lyase

24
Q

mutase, epimerase, racemase are in which class?

A

isomerase

25
Q

synthetase, synthase are in which class?

A

ligase

26
Q

Which enzymes transfer a phosphate group from ATP to another (non-water) molecule?

A

kinases

27
Q

Which enzymes transfers a monomer to a polymer, especially in DNA and RNA?

A

polymerases

28
Q

___________ transfer “X” from one molecule to another.

A

“X” transferases

“X” is the name of the group being transfered

example: if “X” is a peptide, then the enzyme is a peptidyl transferase

29
Q

True or false.
Transfer reactions never require the use of a “carrier”

A

False, many do.

30
Q

__________ is the “carier” that replaces the OH on fatty acids during TG formation.

A

CoASH

31
Q

A fatty acid attached to CoASH is called a ____________.

A

fatty acyl

32
Q

What type of transferase enzyme is used to make TG’s?

A

glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT)

33
Q

What class of enzymes catalyzes hydrolysis reactions?

A

Hydrolases

34
Q

Phosphatases belong to what enzyme class?

A

hydrolases

35
Q

Which enzymes hydrolyse ATP to release a phosphate group?

A

ATPase

36
Q

Does water typically act as a nucleophile or an electrophile?

A

nucleophile

37
Q

3 types of reactions catalyzed by lyases include:

A

1.) addition: adds a molecule, commonly across a 2X (or 3X) carbon bond
2.) elimination: removes atoms in a molecule to create a double bond
3.) condensation: joins 2 molecules, creating new C-C bond

38
Q

dehydratase
vs.
dehydrogenase

A

dehydratase: removal of water
dehydrogenase: removal of hydrogen

39
Q

________________ is the class of enzymes that rearranges a group(s) within a molecule: no net addition or elimination of atoms

A

isomerases

40
Q

What do mutases do?

A

transfer functional groups intramolecularly

41
Q

What do epimerases do?

A

interconvert the groups around an asymmetric carbon in a molecule that has more that one asymmetric carbon

42
Q

What do racemases do?

A

interconvert the groups around an asymmetric carbon in a molecule that only has one asymmetric carbon.

43
Q

True or false.
a reaction can be an isomerization but not use an enzyme from the isomerase class.

A

True

44
Q

___________ enzyme class catalyze various reactions that join 2 molecules with the use of ATP for energy.

A

ligases

45
Q

differentiate hydratase, hydrolase

A

Hydratases catalyze hydration reactions, adding a water molecule to a substrate, often as part of metabolic pathways.
ex: biochemical processes, including the synthesis and breakdown of molecules within cells.

Hydrolases catalyze hydrolysis reactions, breaking specific chemical bonds in molecules by adding water, resulting in the cleavage of those bonds.
ex: digestion of food, the breakdown of cellular waste products, and the regulation of metabolic pathways.

Biochemistry (14 decks)

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