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Biochemistry > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the metabolic pathways that build molecules from smaller subunits?

A

Anabolism

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2
Q

What are the metabolic pathways that breakdown larger molecules into smaller subunits?

A

Catabolism

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3
Q

__________ requires energy, ___________ releases energy. (metabolic pathways)

A

Anabolism/catabolism

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4
Q

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

A

Base, sugar and phosphate group

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5
Q

What are the high energy bonds between phosphate groups?

A

Phosphoanhydride bonds

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6
Q

What is the direct form of cellular energy?

A

ATP

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7
Q

What are the indirect energy forms in the cell?

A

NADH and FADH2

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8
Q

What cycle do NADH and FADH2 need to go through to make ATP?

A

Electron transport chain

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9
Q

Which metabolic pathway makes glucose from precursor molecules?

A

Gluconeogenesis

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10
Q

Which metabolic pathway makes glycogen to store glucose?

A

Glycogenesis

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11
Q

During fatty acid synthesis, what are fatty acids made from?

A

Acetyl CoA

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12
Q

Which metabolic pathway adds fatty acids to a glycerol backbone to make triglyceride lipids?

A

Lipogenesis

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13
Q

Which metabolic pathway makes ketone bodies from acetyl CoA?

A

Ketogenesis

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14
Q

Which metabolic pathway shunts glucose into the creation of various 5-carbon sugars and NADPH

A

Pentose Phosphate Shunt

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15
Q

Where does gluconeogenesis take place?

A

Mitochondria and cytosol

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16
Q

Where does glycogenesis take place?

A

Cytosol

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17
Q

Where does fatty acid synthesis take place?

A

Cytosol

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18
Q

Where does ketogenesis take place?

A

Mitochondria

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19
Q

Where does pentose phosphate shunt take place?

A

Cytosol

20
Q

Which metabolic pathway is the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose? (Glucose will then enter glycolysis to produce energy.

A

Glycogenolysis

21
Q

Which metabolic pathway is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate to produce energy (NADH, ATP) (afterward, pyruvate can be converted to acetyl CoA to enter the CAC to produce more energy.

A

Glycolysis

22
Q

Which metabolic pathway is the breakdown of fatty acyls to acetyl CoA to produce energy (NADH, FADH2) Acetyl CoA to enter CAC to produce more energy.

A

Beta oxidation

23
Q

Which metabolic pathway is the breakdown of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA? So that Acetyl CoA can enter the CAC to produce more energy

A

Ketolysis

24
Q

Which metabolic pathway is the breakdown of citrate (made from acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate) to produce energy (NADH, FADH2, ATP)

A

Citric acid cycle

25
Q

Where does glycogenolysis take place?

A

Cytosol

26
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

Cytosol

27
Q

Where does beta oxidation take place?

A

Mitochondria

28
Q

Where does ketolysis take place?

A

Mitochondria

29
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

A

Mitochondria

30
Q

Glycolysis is the conversion of glucose into 2 _________?

A

2 pyruvate

31
Q

What organ is the main site of gluconeogenesis?

A

The liver

32
Q

Which substrates are included in gluconeogenesis?

A

Glucogenic AA’s
Lactate
Glycerol

33
Q

Breakdown of glycogen?

A

Glycogenolysis

34
Q

Where is glycogen broken down?

A

Liver AND muscles

35
Q

Which 2 forms of energy input are used in glycogenesis?

A

ATP and UTP

36
Q

What are the 2 purposes of the pentose phosphate shunt?

A

1.) Production of NADPH (used in the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species)

2.) It produces ribose-5-phosphate, a precursor for nucleotide synthesis, which is necessary for DNA and RNA production

**It can feed sugars back into glycolysis if needed **

37
Q

Which take up less space, glycogen or triglycerides?

A

Triglycerides

38
Q

Which tissues can ketone bodies be used by when needed?

A

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, brain

39
Q

During the breakdown of ketone bodies (ketolysis), what is released?

A

acetyl CoA

40
Q

Any cycle that can lead to the production of ________________ can feed into CAC to make more energy.

A

Acetyl CoA

41
Q

What 3 catabolic pathways can feed into CAC?

A

1.) glycolysis
2.) beta-oxidation of FAs
3.) Amino acid catabolism

42
Q

Where does the electron transport chain take place?

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

43
Q

From what energy source does the ETC take electrons from?

A

NADH and FADH2

44
Q

During the ETC, electrons are eventually donated to oxygen to make ______?

A

H20

45
Q

During ETC, what is used to drive the production of ATP?

A

An H+ gradient, created from electron movement used to pump H+ into the intermembrane space.

46
Q

Which enzyme is used in ETC to move H+ out of the intermembrane space.

A

ATP synthase, which makes ATP.

Biochemistry (14 decks)

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