Re take (best one ) Flashcards
Network Switch
Joins computers together on a LAN. Receives and sends packets.
Foreign Key
A field that links to a primary key in a second table.
Referential Integrity
When database relationships are consistent.
Multicore Processor
More than one processing unit in a single processor, which can process instructions at the same time.
IP Protocol
To route data
which type of data structure is a Linked List
Dynamic data structure.
OOP (Object-Oriented Programming)
Focuses on reusability and easy update of code.
Link Layer
Responsible for the transmission of data between two nodes over a physical connection
CU (Control Unit)
Sends out control signals to other parts of the CPU
PC (Program Counter)
Holds the address in memory of the next instruction
MAR (Memory Address Register)
Stores the address of the data that needs to be fetched from memory
MDR (Memory Data Register)
Stores the data that has been fetched from main memory
CIR (Current Instruction Register)
Stores the most recent instruction waiting to be decoded or executed
what happens in the Fetch stage(mention registers)
The PC copies the address of the next instruction into the MAR
Decode
The CU decodes the instruction
Execute
The CPU executes the instructions within the CIR
CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)
Supports more instructions, requiring more power and generating more heat
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
Supports fewer instructions, requiring less power and generating less heat
GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)
An example of an array processor, used for parallel processing and tasks like breaking passwords
Parallel Processing
Simultaneous processing of data
SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data)
Array processing where the same instruction is carried out on multiple data
MIMD (Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data)
Multicore processing where different instructions are carried out concurrently on different data
Flat File
A database storage where all the data is stored in one large table, with advantages in easy setup but redundant data
OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
Technology for converting printed or handwritten text into machine-readable data
DBMS (Database Management System)
Software that enforces data integrity rules, provides secure access, and encryption for databases
2NF (Second Normal Form)
A database normalization level where there are no partial dependencies
3NF (Third Normal Form)
A database normalization level where all fields are dependent only on the primary key
SQL (Structured Query Language)
A language for managing and manipulating relational databases, with SELECT, WHERE, and JOIN statements
Transaction
A change or set of changes made to a database
Atomicity
Ensures a transaction is fully completed or not at all
Consistency
Requires any change to follow the referential integrity rules
Isolation
Ensures one change to the database does not interfere with another
Durability
Requires a transaction to be saved permanently in the database
Data Integrity
Refers to the accuracy and reliability of data
Redundancy
When a database is cloned and operates concurrently with the original database
NIC (Network Interface Card)
Enables a computer to be connected to a network
Router
Connects different networks together
Standard
A formalized protocol accepted by most parties implementing it
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
Used to ensure error-free transmission
IP (Internet Protocol)
Used to transfer packets across the internet between routers
DNS (Domain Name System)
Used to name and organize internet resources, matching URLs to IP addresses
Firewalls
Monitor and filter data going into and out of a network
Proxies
Computers interposed between a network and a remote resource
Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer
Lack of accessibility when a peer goes offline and difficulty in centrally updating software
Computers in the Workforce
Employees may be subject to monitoring to assess productivity
Automated Decision Making
Computers use algorithms to make decisions, dependent on accurate data and quality algorithms
AI (Artificial Intelligence)
Can perform repetitive or hazardous jobs but may lead to job displacement for humans
Environmental Issues
Cryptocurrency mining consumes large amounts of electricity, but electronic communication reduces paper and fuel usage for remote work
Censorship
Authorities limiting people’s access to information
