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computer science(a level) > Operating Systems > Flashcards

Operating Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the purpose of operating systems

A

provides an interface between the user and the computer

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2
Q

what is file management

A

a function provided by the OS which allows the user to create, organise and rename files

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3
Q

what is memory management

A

a function provided by the OS which allocates and tracks resources to ensure efficient use of memory

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4
Q

what is input/output management

A

involves controlling the exchange of data between the computer and external hardware.

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5
Q

how does multitasking work

A

works by allocating processing time to each program, this happens in a cycle.
this creates an illusion of simultaneous operation

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6
Q

what is paging

A

when memory is divided into fixed sizes and programs are split up to fit these pages

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7
Q

what is segmentation

A

when memory is split up into different sizes (logical divisions)

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8
Q

what are the simmilarities of paging and segmentation

A

both allow programs to run on insufficient memory

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9
Q

what are the differences between paging and segmentation

A

pages are fixed sizes
segments are logical

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10
Q

how does an interrupt happen relating to FDE cycles

A

1.complete the current FDE cycle
2.save the registers to memory
3.determine the interrupt service
4.service the interrupt
5.restore the register values
6.continue the original process

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11
Q

what is a device driver

A

software that tell the operating system how to communicate with a device

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12
Q

how do driver routines work

A
  • when a program requests to interact with a hardware device - it calls a routine within the driver software of that device
  • the routine causes the hardware to perform a specific task
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13
Q

What bus is used for devices to communicate with the processor?

A

control bus

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14
Q

what are the different types of OS

A

multi tasking OS
multi user OS
Distributed OS
Embedded OS
real time OS

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15
Q

what is a distributed OS

A

where multiple computers work on a single task
the distributed OS coordinates the communication between nodes

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16
Q

what is an interrupt

A

a signal to the processor indicating a device or process needs attention

17
Q

what is polling

A

where the CPU asks each process if an interrupt is needed

18
Q

what are the steps to handling interrupts

A

1)the processor completes the current FDE cycle
2) the interrupt flag is checked to see if any interrupts have been raised(if so the priority is checked)
3)the higher priority tasks are executed first
4) the other interrupt tasks are then loaded from the stack to all the processors to be executed

19
Q

how are the non interupt tasks loaded to a stack
and what happens to the interrupts

A
  • the contents of registers are pushedto a stack
    the address
  • the addess of the ISR is loaded into the PC(register)
  • the ISR is executed
20
Q

what is an ISR

A

a program that is designed to respond to an interrupt’s request

21
Q

what is the purpose of a schedulling algorithm

A

to decide how processor time is split between processes

22
Q

what is the difference between pre-emptive and non pre-emptive

A

pre emptive = a process can be replaced with a higher priority task
non pre emptive = once a job is started it is left alone until finished

23
Q

what data structure is associated to scedulling

A

QUEUE (FIFO)

24
Q

what does BIOS stand for

A

basic input output system

25
Q

what are the tasks peformed by the BIOS

A

keeping track of the system time
testing the hadware that is connected as te computer boots

26
Q

how does an operating system get the device driver of a mouse

A

the device drvier of the mouse is automatically downloaded by the
OS once the mouse is plugged in

27
Q

what are the different jobs performed by the control bus

A

interrupts
clock signals
read/write signals

28
Q

what is a virtual machine

A

a program that has the same functionality as a physical machine

29
Q

what is a hypervisor

A

a program used to run and manage one o more virtual machine on a computer

30
Q

what are the advantages of virtual machines

A

allows developers to test software developed for multiple platforms

can be used to test dangerrous code like viruses

31
Q

what is system software

A

software that controls the hadware

32
Q

what is utility software

A

software that perfporms a specific task that is usually related to the up keep of the system

33
Q

what is the difference between specific and generic software

A

generic can be used for masny different tasks
specific is only used for specific tasks (usually takes lots of skill)

34
Q

what is the purpose of disk defragmenters

A

helps to combine the different parts of the file together in contiguous space

computer science(a level) (24 decks)

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