networks Flashcards
what is a protocol
a set of rules defining how computer communicate with each other over a network
what are the TCP/IP protocols used for
used to route data packets across networks
what layers are part of the TCP/IP stack
application
transport
network
link
what happens in the application layer
it specifies which protocol needs to be used to achieve what is trying to be done
it allows communications between software application which are ran by different devices
what happens in the transport layer
it uses TCP to establish a connection between the source and recipient computer
it splits up data into packets and labels these with the packet number and the port number(being used for communication)
if these packets get lost it requests a retransmission of these packets
what happens in the network layer
the network layer adds the source and destination IP addresses
routers operate on this layer so they use IP addresses to forward data
the sockets are then used to identify which device the data must be sent to , and what application it is using
what is a socket address
it is the combination of the port number and the IP address number
what happens in the link layer
it is responsible for the exchange of data between nodes over a physical link
what is a DNS
system which is used to name and organise internet resources
what are the advantages of packet switching
multiple routes can be followed to make sure data reaches the destination
packets can be transferred over very large network to allow global communication
what are the disadvantages of packet switching
must wait for all the packets to arrive before data is received
what are the advantages of circuit switching
enables users to hold a call without delay in speech
data arrives in logical order
what are the disadvantages of circuit switching
bandwidth is wasted when data is not being transmitted
it takes occupies routes that could have been used by others on the network
