RBF and GFR

Question 1

What are Tamm Horsfall protein

Answer 1

most abundant protein in urine, sign of stones, make in thick LoH

Question 2

what would filter fastest

Answer 2

small and positively charged molecule

Question 3

what does damaged filtration barrier cause?

Answer 3

larger and more negative things are getting through

Question 4

what causes damaged filtration barrier

Answer 4

hematuria, diabetic nephropathy, minimal change disease, nephropathy

Question 5

what is P_uf

Answer 5

capillary ultrafiltration pressure but it really is the net filtration pressure

Question 6

what affects P_gc

Answer 6

Renal A BP, afferent arteriole resistance, efferent arteriole resistance

Question 7

how do you calculate the ultrafiltration coefficient

Answer 7

hydraulic conductivity (L_p) x surface area (S_f)

Question 8

Constricting the afferent arteriole does what for filtration pressure and GFR

Answer 8

decrease; decrease

Question 9

constricting the efferent arteriole does what for filtration pressure and GFR

Answer 9

increase; increase

Question 10

dilating the afferent arteriole does what for filtration pressure and GFR

Answer 10

increase; increase

Question 11

dilating the efferent arteriole does what for filtration pressure and GFR

Answer 11

decrease; decrease

Question 12

as O2 consumption goes up, what does Na reabsorption do

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

what side is more affected by sympathetic

Answer 13

afferent; alpha 1 receptors

Question 14

what are the vasoconstrictors we are looking at

Answer 14

• catecholamines (NE and epi)
• Ang II
• Endothelin

Question 15

what vasodilators are we concerned with

Answer 15

• PGE 2
• PGI 2
• Nitric oxide
• Bradykinin
• Dopamine
• Atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 16

what is the autoregulatory range of the kidney

Answer 16

80-170 mm Hg

Question 17

what are the two ways that the kidneys autoregulate BP

Answer 17

local reflex (myogenic)
physiologic feed back (juxtaglomerular cells)

Question 18

myogenic feedback manifests as changes in what? what is responsible

Answer 18

afferent arteriole constriction and efferent arteriole dilation; Ca++

Question 19

juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 19

secrete renin

Question 20

macula densa

Answer 20

senses NaCl in DCT

Question 21

mesangial cells

Answer 21

contraction

Question 22

increased delivery of NaCl to macula densa does what

Answer 22

increases ATP (think adenosine) then vasoconstricts afferent arteriole which decreases GFR anf RBF

Question 23

decreased delivery of NaCl to macula densa does what

Answer 23

macula densa tells JG cells to secrete renin, efferent vasoconstriction, and releases NO to afferent causing dilation

Question 24

What increases the sensitivity of TGF (tubuloglomerular feedback)

Answer 24

• Volume contraction
• Adenosine
• PGE 2
• Thromboxane
• Ang II

Question 25

what decreases sensitivity of TGF

Answer 25

• Volume expansion
• ANP
• NO
• cAMP
• PGI 2
• High-protein diet*

Question 26

what effect does afferent vasodilation have on RBF, GFR, and peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 26

increase; increase; increase

Question 27

what does afferent vasoconstriction do to RBF, GFR, and peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 27

decrease; decrease; decrease

Question 28

what does efferent vasodiltion cause to RBF, GFR, and peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 28

increase, decrease, increase

Question 29

what causes efferent arteriole vasodilation

Answer 29

sympathetics

Question 30

what effect does efferent vasoconstriction have on RBF, GFR, peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 30

increase; increase or same; decrease

Question 31

what causes efferent arteriole vasoconstriction

Answer 31

Angiotensin II